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Related Concept Videos

Genomic DNA in Prokaryotes00:46

Genomic DNA in Prokaryotes

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The genome of most prokaryotic organisms consists of double-stranded DNA organized into one circular chromosome in a region of cytoplasm called the nucleoid. The chromosome is tightly wound, or supercoiled, for efficient storage. Prokaryotes also contain other circular pieces of DNA called plasmids. These plasmids are smaller than the chromosome and often carry genes that confer adaptive functions, such as antibiotic resistance.
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Deep Sea Microbial Ecology01:18

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The deep ocean and its underlying sediments represent vast, largely unexplored microbial habitats that extend far beyond the sunlit photic zone. The photic (euphotic) zone typically spans the upper ~100–200 meters of pelagic waters in the open ocean, but its depth varies geographically and seasonally, where sufficient light supports photosynthetic life. Below this lies the deep sea, spanning roughly 1000–6000 meters (bathypelagic to abyssal zones), with deeper hadal trenches...
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Prokaryotic Cells01:51

Prokaryotic Cells

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Prokaryotes are small unicellular organisms that include the domains—Archaea and Bacteria. Bacteria include many common organisms, such as Salmonella and E. coli, while the Archaea include extremophiles that live in harsh environments, such as volcanic springs.
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Prokaryotic Cells01:28

Prokaryotic Cells

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Prokaryotes are small unicellular organisms that include the domains — Archaea and Bacteria. Bacteria include many common microorganisms, such as Salmonella and E. coli, while the Archaea include extremophiles that live in harsh environments, such as volcanic springs.
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Prokaryotic cells

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Comparing Mitochondrial, Chloroplast, and Prokaryotic Genomes02:16

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The present-day mitochondrial and chloroplast genomes have retained some of the characteristics of their ancestral prokaryotes and also have acquired new attributes during their evolution within eukaryotic cells. Like prokaryotic genomes, mitochondrial and chloroplast genomes neither bind with histone-like proteins nor show complex packaging into chromosome-like structures, as observed in eukaryotes. Unlike mitotic cell divisions observed in eukaryotic cells, mitochondria and chloroplasts...
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Phage Phenomics: Physiological Approaches to Characterize Novel Viral Proteins
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Capturing prokaryotic dark matter genomes.

Cyrielle Gasc1, Céline Ribière1, Nicolas Parisot2

  • 1Clermont Université, Université d'Auvergne, EA 4678 CIDAM, BP 10448, F-63001 Clermont-Ferrand, France.

Research in Microbiology
|June 24, 2015
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Prokaryotic dark matter, comprising most Earth life, is being illuminated by advanced genomics. Genome reconstruction reveals metabolic functions, revolutionizing our understanding of microbial ecosystems.

Keywords:
Complete genome reconstructionDark matterMetagenomicsSingle-cell genomics

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Area of Science:

  • Microbiology
  • Genomics
  • Ecology

Background:

  • Prokaryotes represent the most diverse and abundant life on Earth.
  • A significant portion of prokaryotes remains uncharacterized, termed 'microbial dark matter'.
  • Previous identification relied on indirect molecular methods, limiting functional insights.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review discoveries from analyzing prokaryotic dark matter genomes.
  • To highlight the impact of metagenomic and single-cell genomic approaches.
  • To demonstrate how genome reconstruction links microbial species to ecosystem functions.

Main Methods:

  • Metagenomic sequencing for analyzing DNA from environmental samples.
  • Single-cell genomics for reconstructing genomes from individual cells.
  • Bioinformatic analysis for genome assembly and functional annotation.

Main Results:

  • Genome reconstruction has revealed the metabolic capabilities of previously unknown prokaryotes.
  • Linking genomic data to specific species has enhanced understanding of microbial roles.
  • Innovative genomic approaches are illuminating the 'dark matter' of the microbial world.

Conclusions:

  • Metagenomics and single-cell genomics are powerful tools for exploring microbial diversity.
  • Understanding microbial dark matter is crucial for comprehending ecosystem functions.
  • These approaches are revolutionizing microbiology and our view of the biosphere.