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Updated: Apr 8, 2026

Monitoring the Cancer-Immunity Cycle and Exploring Tumor Microenvironment Dynamics
Published on: June 7, 2024
Harnessing the Microbiome to Enhance Cancer Immunotherapy
Michelle H Nelson1, Marshall A Diven2, Logan W Huff1
1Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, USA ; Department of Surgery, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, USA.
Abstract:
The microbiota plays a key role in regulating the innate and adaptive immune system. Herein, we review the immunological aspects of the microbiota in tumor immunity in mice and man, with a focus on toll-like receptor (TLR) agonists, vaccines, checkpoint modulators, chemotherapy, and adoptive T cell transfer (ACT) therapies. We propose innovative treatments that may safely harness the microbiota to enhance T cell-based therapies in cancer patients. Finally, we highlight recent developments in tumor immunotherapy, particularly novel ways to modulate the microbiome and memory T cell responses to human malignancies.
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