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Assessment of Sensorimotor Function in Mouse Models of Parkinson's Disease
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Motor automaticity in Parkinson's disease.

Tao Wu1, Mark Hallett2, Piu Chan1

  • 1Department of Neurobiology, Key Laboratory on Neurodegenerative Disorders of Ministry of Education, Beijing Institute of Geriatrics, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China; Beijing Key Laboratory on Parkinson's Disease, Parkinson Disease Center of Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing, China.

Neurobiology of Disease
|June 24, 2015
PubMed
Summary

Parkinson's disease (PD) impairs motor automaticity, affecting learned skills like walking and facial expressions. This review explores the neural basis of this deficit, highlighting striatal dysfunction and the need for further research.

Keywords:
Attentional controlAutomatic controlBasal gangliaBradykinesiaParkinson’s disease

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Movement Disorders
  • Parkinson's Disease Pathophysiology

Background:

  • Bradykinesia is a key motor symptom in Parkinson's disease (PD).
  • Impaired motor automaticity, the ability to perform learned skills without conscious effort, is a significant but often overlooked deficit in PD.
  • This deficit manifests as reduced arm swing, stride length, freezing of gait, micrographia, and reduced facial expression.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review motor automaticity deficits in Parkinson's disease.
  • To explore the underlying neural mechanisms of impaired motor automaticity in PD.
  • To discuss the implications for skill acquisition, diagnosis, and treatment.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of recent neuroimaging studies.
  • Analysis of motor deficits associated with impaired automaticity in PD.
  • Discussion of neural mechanisms including neural coding, striatal function, and attentional control.

Main Results:

  • PD patients exhibit difficulties in performing learned motor skills automatically.
  • Neuroimaging reveals less efficient neural coding, failure to shift skills to the sensorimotor striatum, and striatal instability.
  • Attentional control and compensatory efforts are used for automatic movements in PD.

Conclusions:

  • Parkinson's disease impairs the sensorimotor striatum, leading to loss of acquired automatic skills and difficulty in acquiring new ones.
  • Further research into the pathophysiology of motor automaticity, treatment effects, and diagnostic potential is warranted.