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Related Concept Videos

Nociception01:44

Nociception

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Nociception—the ability to feel pain—is essential for an organism’s survival and overall well-being. Noxious stimuli such as piercing pain from a sharp object, heat from an open flame, or contact with corrosive chemicals are first detected by sensory receptors, called nociceptors, located on nerve endings. Nociceptors express ion channels that convert noxious stimuli into electrical signals. When these signals reach the brain via sensory neurons, they are perceived as pain.
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Pain01:20

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Pain serves as a critical warning signal that alerts the body to potential or actual harm. When mechanical pressure on the skin is intense, such as from a sharp pinch, the sensation transitions from touch to pain. Similarly, extreme temperatures, like a hot pot handle, convert the sensation of heat into pain. Pain can also result from overstimulation of other senses, such as blinding light, loud noise, or the intense heat from habañero peppers. This ability to sense pain is essential for...
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Local Anesthetics: Differential Sensitivity of Nerve Fibers01:24

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Local anesthetics (LAs) block the sodium channels of nerve trunks, sensory nerve endings, and neuromuscular junctions. Although LAs can block all kinds of nerves, the sensitivity of nerve fibers differs according to nerve types and structures. LAs are known to block myelinated fibers faster than unmyelinated ones. Also, they block pain or sensory neurons at low concentrations without affecting the motor neurons involved in muscle contractions. This helps relieve labor pain without affecting the...
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Peripheral thermosensation is the perception of external temperature. A change in temperature (on the surface of the skin and other tissues) is detected by a family of temperature-sensitive ion channels called Transient Receptor Potential, or TRP, receptors. These receptors are located on free nerve endings. Those detecting cold temperatures are closer to the surface of the skin than the nerve endings detecting warmth. These thermoTRP channels, while temperature selective, have relatively...
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Analgesia and Pain Management01:25

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Pain is critical to various clinical pathologies, provoking an urgent need for effective management. Pain, whether acute or chronic, is a complex neurochemical process. Its alleviation depends on the type, with nonopioid analgesics effective for mild to moderate pain, such as musculoskeletal or inflammatory pain, while neuropathic pain responds best to anticonvulsants, tricyclic antidepressants, or serotonin/norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors. For severe acute or chronic pain, opioids may be...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Apr 8, 2026

Tissue Preparation and Immunostaining of Mouse Sensory Nerve Fibers Innervating Skin and Limb Bones
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Persistent changes in peripheral and spinal nociceptive processing after early tissue injury.

Suellen M Walker1, Simon Beggs2, Mark L Baccei3

  • 1Pain Research (Respiratory Critical Care and Anaesthesia), UCL Institute of Child Health, Department of Anaesthesia and Pain Medicine, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom; Department of Neuroscience, Physiology and Pharmacology, University College London, London, United Kingdom.

Experimental Neurology
|June 24, 2015
PubMed
Summary

Neonatal tissue injury can alter pain sensitivity long-term, causing baseline pain reduction and heightened pain after re-injury. Understanding these changes in pain pathways is key to preventing lasting effects.

Keywords:
DRGDorsal hornGABAGlutamateGlycineInflammationMembrane excitabilityMicrogliaNeonatalPainPatch clampPrimary afferentSpinal cordSurgical incisionSynapse

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Pain Research
  • Developmental Biology

Background:

  • Early-life tissue damage can lead to persistent changes in pain sensitivity.
  • Mechanisms underlying these long-term alterations in nociceptive processing are not fully understood.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review clinical and preclinical evidence on persistent changes in pain sensitivity after neonatal injury.
  • To explore cellular and molecular effects of early trauma on pain pathways.

Main Methods:

  • Review of clinical and preclinical studies on neonatal tissue injury and pain sensitivity.
  • Analysis of cellular and molecular changes in ascending pain pathways.

Main Results:

  • Neonatal injury results in baseline hypoalgesia and exacerbated hyperalgesia upon subsequent insult.
  • Early trauma alters ion channel expression, synaptic balance in the superficial dorsal horn, and primes microglial responses.

Conclusions:

  • Early tissue damage significantly impacts the maturation of nociceptive circuits.
  • Understanding these effects can inform strategies to mitigate long-term pain consequences from medical procedures.