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Related Concept Videos

Radical Formation: Addition00:47

Radical Formation: Addition

2.4K
Radicals can be formed by adding a radical to a spin-paired molecule. This is typically observed with unsaturated species, where the addition of a radical across the π bond leads to the production of a new radical by dissolving the π bond. For example, the addition of a Br radical to an alkene yields a carbon-centered radical.
Similar to charge conservation in chemical reactions, spin conservation is implicit for radical reactions. Accordingly, the product formed must possess an...
2.4K
Nucleophilic Aromatic Substitution: Elimination–Addition01:11

Nucleophilic Aromatic Substitution: Elimination–Addition

5.6K
Simple aryl halides do not react with nucleophiles. However, nucleophilic aromatic substitutions can be forced under certain conditions, such as high temperatures or strong bases. The mechanism of substitution under such conditions involves the highly unstable and reactive benzyne intermediate. Benzyne contains equivalent carbon centers at both ends of the triple bond, each of which is equally susceptible to nucleophilic attack. This 50–50 distribution of products is...
5.6K
Radical Formation: Elimination00:51

Radical Formation: Elimination

2.4K
Another method of radical formation is the elimination process. It is the opposite of the addition route and is driven by the instability of the radical. For example, as depicted in Figure 1, dibenzoyl peroxide yields a pair of unstable radicals upon homolysis. Given its instability, this radical spontaneously undergoes elimination via a C–C bond cleavage to form a relatively more stable phenyl radical. The mechanism involves cleavage of the bond between the α and β positions with respect...
2.4K
Radical Anti-Markovnikov Addition to Alkenes: Mechanism01:17

Radical Anti-Markovnikov Addition to Alkenes: Mechanism

5.1K
The reaction of hydrogen bromide with alkenes in the presence of hydroperoxides or peroxides proceeds via anti-Markovnikov addition. The radical chain reaction comprises initiation, propagation, and termination steps.
The mechanism starts with chain initiation, which involves two steps. In the first chain initiation step, a weak peroxide bond is homolytically cleaved upon mild heating to form two alkoxy radicals. In the second initiation step, a hydrogen atom is abstracted by the alkoxy...
5.1K
Oxidation of Alkenes: Anti Dihydroxylation with Peroxy Acids02:04

Oxidation of Alkenes: Anti Dihydroxylation with Peroxy Acids

8.2K
Diols are compounds with two hydroxyl groups. In addition to syn dihydroxylation, diols can also be synthesized through the process of anti dihydroxylation. The process involves treating an alkene with a peroxycarboxylic acid to form an epoxide. Epoxides are highly strained three-membered rings with oxygen and two carbons occupying the corners of an equilateral triangle. This step is followed by ring-opening of the epoxide in the presence of an aqueous acid to give a trans diol.
8.2K
Microbial Bioremediation of Uranium01:25

Microbial Bioremediation of Uranium

67
Microorganisms play a critical role in the transformation and immobilization of uranium in contaminated environments through four main pathways: bioreduction, biosorption, bioaccumulation, and biomineralization. These mechanisms reduce uranium’s toxicity and prevent its migration through groundwater systems, offering sustainable approaches for in situ bioremediation.Bioreduction of UraniumBioreduction is driven by anaerobic bacteria such as certain strains of Geobacter and Shewanella,...
67

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Removal of Trace Elements by Cupric Oxide Nanoparticles from Uranium In Situ Recovery Bleed Water and Its Effect on Cell Viability
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Uranium-mediated oxidative addition and reductive elimination.

Erli Lu1, Stephen T Liddle

  • 1School of Chemistry, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham, NG7 2RD, UK. stephen.liddle@nottingham.ac.uk.

Dalton Transactions (Cambridge, England : 2003)
|June 24, 2015
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Uranium can now undergo oxidative addition and reductive elimination, key reactions in organometallic chemistry. This research reveals novel uranium reactivity, expanding its redox chemistry capabilities.

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Area of Science:

  • Organometallic Chemistry
  • Uranium Chemistry
  • Catalysis

Background:

  • Oxidative addition and reductive elimination are fundamental reactions in main group and transition metal chemistry.
  • These reactions are historically rare or unknown in f-block elements, particularly uranium.
  • Recent advancements have opened new avenues in uranium-mediated transformations.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To summarize the progress in uranium-mediated oxidative addition and reductive elimination reactions.
  • To highlight the unique reactivity of uranium in these transformations.
  • To provide a comprehensive overview of this research area initiated in the early 1980s.

Main Methods:

  • Review and synthesis of published research on uranium-mediated oxidative addition and reductive elimination.
  • Categorization of reactions into oxidative addition, reductive elimination, and reactions with no net change in oxidation state.
  • Analysis of reaction mechanisms and comparison with traditional reactivity types.

Main Results:

  • Uranium systems demonstrate capabilities for oxidative addition and reductive elimination, expanding f-block chemistry.
  • Novel reactivity patterns unique to uranium have been identified.
  • Reactions with no change in uranium oxidation state exhibit characteristics of 'concerted' processes.

Conclusions:

  • Uranium mediates oxidative addition and reductive elimination, challenging previous limitations.
  • Uranium's reactivity expands the scope of organometallic chemistry and catalysis.
  • This field offers unique opportunities for discovering new chemical transformations.