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Hydrogen-Bonding Toughened Hydrogels and Emerging CO2-Responsive Shape Memory Effect.

Bing Xu1, Yinyu Zhang1, Wenguang Liu1

  • 1School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Composite and Functional Materials, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China.

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|June 24, 2015
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Summary

New double hydrogen bonding hydrogels offer tunable, robust mechanical properties and CO2-triggered shape memory. These advanced materials utilize synergistic hydrogen bonding for high toughness and self-healing capabilities.

Keywords:
carbon dioxidehydrogelshydrogen bondingshape memorytough

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Polymer Chemistry
  • Supramolecular Chemistry

Background:

  • Hydrogels are versatile polymeric networks with widespread applications.
  • Developing hydrogels with enhanced mechanical properties and stimuli-responsive behaviors remains a key challenge.
  • Hydrogen bonding interactions offer a promising strategy for designing advanced hydrogel networks.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To construct and characterize novel double hydrogen bonding (DHB) hydrogels.
  • To investigate the tunable mechanical properties and toughness of these DHB hydrogels.
  • To explore the CO2-responsive and shape memory behavior of the synthesized hydrogels.

Main Methods:

  • Copolymerization of 2-vinyl-4,6-diamino-1,3,5-triazine (hydrophobic) and N,N-dimethylacrylamide (hydrophilic) with polyethylene glycol diacrylates.
  • Systematic variation of monomer ratios and crosslinker concentrations to tune mechanical properties.
  • Assessment of mechanical performance (tensile strength, elongation at break, compressive strength, toughness) and rehydration recovery.
  • Investigation of CO2 responsiveness and shape memory effects in aqueous environments.

Main Results:

  • DHB hydrogels exhibited tunable and robust mechanical properties, including high toughness (2.32 kJ m(-2)), tensile strength (0.7 MPa), elongation at break (130%), and compressive strength (8.3 MPa).
  • Synergistic energy dissipation from strong diaminotriazine (DAT) and weak amide hydrogen bonding contributed to high toughness.
  • Rehydration successfully recovered mechanical properties after cyclic loading.
  • Unprecedented CO2-triggered shape memory behavior was observed due to reversible DAT hydrogen bond network changes, without external acid.

Conclusions:

  • The developed DHB hydrogels possess excellent, tunable mechanical properties and self-healing capabilities via rehydration.
  • The synergistic effect of dual hydrogen bonding networks is crucial for achieving high toughness and resilience.
  • CO2 responsiveness offers a novel, non-acidic approach for fabricating advanced shape memory hydrogels.