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Asthma in Latin America
Erick Forno1, Mudita Gogna1, Alfonso Cepeda2
1Division of Pediatric Pulmonary Medicine, Allergy, and Immunology, Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh of UPMC, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA.
Thorax
|June 25, 2015
Summary
Asthma burden varies significantly across Latin America due to diverse factors like genetics, environment, and lifestyle. Addressing these challenges requires coordinated public health and research efforts to improve asthma management and reduce its impact.
Area of Science:
- Environmental Health
- Epidemiology
- Public Health
Background:
- Asthma burden exhibits significant variability across and within Latin American countries.
- This variability is attributed to a complex interplay of genetic, environmental, and socioeconomic factors.
Purpose of the Study:
- To highlight the multifactorial nature of asthma prevalence and morbidity in Latin America.
- To identify region-specific risk factors and barriers to effective asthma management.
Main Methods:
- Review of existing literature on asthma epidemiology and management in Latin America.
- Synthesis of data on genetic, environmental, lifestyle, and socioeconomic determinants of asthma.
Main Results:
- Asthma prevalence and morbidity are unevenly distributed, influenced by genetics, diet, obesity, pollution, stress, and infections.
- Inconsistent progress in asthma management contributes to regional disparities in disease outcomes.
- Unique regional risk factors include stress, violence, parasitic infections, and biomass fuel use.
Conclusions:
- Future research should focus on distinct asthma phenotypes within Latin American subgroups, examining unique risk factors.
- Concerted public health and research initiatives are crucial to address shared barriers in asthma management.
- Interventions should target tobacco use, improve treatment access, and explore non-pharmacological solutions like cleaner cooking fuels.
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