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Related Concept Videos

Biosynthesis of Nucleic Acids01:28

Biosynthesis of Nucleic Acids

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Nucleic acid biosynthesis is a fundamental biochemical process that produces the purine and pyrimidine nucleotides essential for DNA and RNA synthesis. This pathway maintains a balanced nucleotide pool, preventing imbalances that could jeopardize genetic integrity and cellular function. Given the crucial role of nucleotides, their synthesis is tightly regulated to ensure proper cellular homeostasis.Purine BiosynthesisThe biosynthesis of purine nucleotides begins with ribose-5-phosphate, a...
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In order to be passed through generations, genomic DNA must be undamaged and error-free. However, every day, DNA in a cell undergoes several thousand to a million damaging events by natural causes and external factors. Ionizing radiation such as UV rays, free radicals produced during cellular respiration, and hydrolytic damage from metabolic reactions can alter the structure of DNA. Damages caused include single-base alteration, base dimerization, chain breaks, and cross-linkage.
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DNA Replication02:40

DNA Replication

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DNA replication involves the separation of the two strands of the double helix, with each strand serving as a template from which the new complementary strand is copied.  After replication, each double-stranded DNA includes one parental or “old” strand and one “new” strand. This is known as semiconservative replication. The resulting DNA molecules have the same sequence and are divided equally into the two daughter cells.
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DNA Damage can Stall the Cell Cycle02:36

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In response to DNA damage, cells can pause the cell cycle to assess and repair the breaks. However, the cell must check the DNA at certain critical stages during the cell cycle. If the cell cycle pauses before DNA replication, the cells will contain twice the amount of DNA. On the other hand, if cells arrest after DNA replication but before mitosis, they will contain four times the normal amount of DNA. With a host of specialized proteins at their disposal,cells must use the right protein at...
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In response to DNA damage, cells can pause the cell cycle to assess and repair the breaks. However, the cell must check the DNA at certain critical stages during the cell cycle. If the cell cycle pauses before DNA replication, the cells will contain twice the amount of DNA. On the other hand, if cells arrest after DNA replication but before mitosis, they will contain four times the normal amount of DNA. With a host of specialized proteins at their disposal,cells must use the right protein at...
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Simultaneous Mapping and Quantitation of Ribonucleotides in Human Mitochondrial DNA
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Simultaneous Mapping and Quantitation of Ribonucleotides in Human Mitochondrial DNA

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Nucleotide Metabolism and DNA Replication.

Digby F Warner1, Joanna C Evans1, Valerie Mizrahi1

  • 1MRC/NHLS/UCT Molecular Mycobacteriology Research Unit, DST/NRF Center of Excellence for Biomedical TB Research, Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, and Division of Medical Microbiology, University of Cape Town, P/Bag X3 Rondebosch 7700, South Africa.

Microbiology Spectrum
|June 25, 2015
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Recent advances in mycobacterial genetics and omics have significantly improved understanding of nucleotide metabolism and DNA replication. Key findings focus on purine/pyrimidine biosynthesis, deoxyribonucleotide formation, and DNA replication initiation and elongation in Mycobacterium tuberculosis.

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Area of Science:

  • Microbiology
  • Molecular Biology
  • Genetics

Background:

  • Mycobacterial genetics and omics have advanced understanding of mycobacterial metabolism and physiology.
  • Nucleotide metabolism and DNA replication are fundamental processes in mycobacteria.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To provide an update on nucleotide metabolism and DNA replication in mycobacteria, highlighting key findings from the past 10–15 years.
  • To identify potential targets for tuberculosis drug discovery within mycobacterial DNA replication pathways.

Main Methods:

  • Review of recent literature on mycobacterial nucleotide metabolism and DNA replication.
  • Comparative analysis of Mycobacterium tuberculosis with other mycobacterial species and bacterial models like Escherichia coli.

Main Results:

  • Detailed overview of purine and pyrimidine ribonucleotide biosynthesis, salvage, interconversion, and deoxyribonucleotide formation.
  • Focus on DNA replication initiation, elongation, unwinding, fidelity, and mutation rates in mycobacteria.
  • Evidence suggests DNA replication occurs during low metabolic activity states.

Conclusions:

  • Significant progress has been made in understanding mycobacterial nucleotide metabolism and DNA replication.
  • Specific DNA replication processes in mycobacteria present potential targets for novel tuberculosis drug discovery.
  • Future research should address outstanding questions in mycobacterial DNA replication and metabolism.