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Related Concept Videos

Obesity01:24

Obesity

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The Body Mass Index (BMI) is a numerical value derived from a person's weight and height, used to categorize individuals into weight ranges. It is calculated using the formula: weight in kilograms divided by height in meters squared. Obesity is a health condition characterized by excessive accumulation of adipose tissue that poses health risks, often diagnosed with a BMI ≥ 30. This excess fat storage occurs when surplus dietary calories are converted into triglycerides and stored in...
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Pharmacokinetics in Obese Patients: Drug Metabolism and Excretion01:20

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Drug metabolism, a critical process in the liver, involves two primary phases: Phase I reactions and Phase II conjugation. Obesity introduces significant alterations in this metabolic process, primarily due to fatty infiltration of the liver, leading to conditions such as nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). This condition can modify the activities of both Phase I and II enzymes, impacting how drugs are metabolized in obese patients.Phase I metabolism sees variable effects across...
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Pharmacokinetics in Obese Patients: Drug Absorption and Distribution01:25

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Obesity significantly alters the pharmacokinetic processes of drug absorption and distribution, presenting unique challenges in medical treatment. The increased fat tissue and decreased lean muscle in obese individuals can significantly affect how drugs are absorbed into the body and distributed across different tissues. This alteration can lead to variances in the effectiveness and safety of medications, necessitating adjustments in dosing or drug selection for obese patients.One notable...
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Genomic Imprinting and Inheritance02:30

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Diploid organisms inherit genetic material through chromosomes from both parents. Copies of the same gene are known as alleles. In most cases, both alleles are simultaneously expressed and allow various cellular processes to function optimally. If one of the alleles is missing or mutated, the expression of the other allele can compensate; however, this is not true for all genes.
The expression of some genes depends on which parent passed the gene to the offspring, through a phenomenon known as...
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Drug Dosing: Obese Patients01:21

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In the United States, obesity is a prominent concern. It is linked to heightened mortality rates due to increased occurrences of conditions such as hypertension, atherosclerosis, coronary artery disease, and diabetes compared to nonobese individuals. A patient is classified as obese if their actual body weight surpasses the ideal or desirable body weight by 20%, based on Metropolitan Life Insurance Company data. Ideal body weights consider average weights and heights for males and females...
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Diabetes Mellitus: Type 2 and Gestational01:22

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Type 2 diabetes, characterized by insulin resistance, arises when the insulin receptors on cells lose responsiveness to insulin, diminishing the cell's capacity to take up glucose, resulting in elevated blood glucose levels. To receive a diagnosis of Type 2 diabetes, a series of blood glucose tests are necessary to assess whether the blood glucose falls within normal parameters. If the result is out of the normal range, a patient may be diagnosed as prediabetic or diabetic, depending on the...
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A Primary Human Trophoblast Model to Study the Effect of Inflammation Associated with Maternal Obesity on Regulation of Autophagy in the Placenta
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Differential gene expression in obese pregnancy.

David Carty1, Christine Akehurst1, Rachel Savage1

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Maternal obesity alters gene expression in pregnant women's blood. A trend of reduced COX7A2 gene expression was observed in obese women's adipose tissue, potentially linking inflammation and pregnancy complications.

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Area of Science:

  • Reproductive biology
  • Genomics
  • Maternal-fetal medicine

Background:

  • Maternal obesity is a significant risk factor for adverse pregnancy outcomes and offspring cardiovascular health.
  • Understanding the molecular mechanisms underlying maternal obesity's impact is crucial for improving maternal and perinatal health.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To identify differentially expressed genes in the blood and adipose tissue of obese versus lean pregnant women.
  • To explore potential molecular pathways linking maternal obesity to pregnancy complications.

Main Methods:

  • Gene expression profiling using Illumina microarray technology in whole blood and subcutaneous adipose tissue from lean, overweight, and obese pregnant women.
  • Differential gene expression analysis using Ingenuity Pathway Analysis.
  • Validation of key gene expression changes using TaqMan quantitative reverse transcription PCR (qRT-PCR).

Main Results:

  • Six genes (ANGPTL, COX7A2, EIF3A, PTS, CISD1, and GLRX) showed differential expression in whole blood between lean and non-lean pregnant women (p<0.05).
  • A trend towards reduced expression of the cytochrome c oxidase-subunit 7A2 (COX7A2) gene was observed in the subcutaneous adipose tissue of overweight and obese women compared to lean women (p=0.057 and p=0.06, respectively).
  • No significant differential expression was found for other genes in adipose tissue across the BMI groups.

Conclusions:

  • Maternal obesity is associated with significant alterations in gene expression in peripheral blood during pregnancy.
  • Reduced COX7A2 expression in adipose tissue of obese mothers suggests a potential role in mitochondrial dysfunction and inflammation, possibly contributing to obesity-related pregnancy complications.
  • Further research into COX7A2's function could elucidate mechanisms linking maternal obesity to adverse pregnancy outcomes.