Related Experiment Video
Updated: Aug 12, 2026
14:49
Associated Chromosome Trap for Identifying Long-range DNA Interactions
Published on: April 23, 2011
The Integration and Excision of CTnDOT
Margaret M Wood1, Jeffrey F Gardner2
1Simmons College, 300 The Fenway, Boston, MA 02115.
Microbiology Spectrum
|June 25, 2015
Summary
Integrative and conjugative elements like CTnDOT contribute to antibiotic resistance in the gut microbiome. Its excision is complex, involving multiple proteins and unique features of the IntDOT recombinase.
Area of Science:
- Microbiology
- Molecular Biology
- Genetics
Background:
- Bacteroides species are dominant gut bacteria, often carrying integrative and conjugative elements (ICEs).
- CTnDOT is a prevalent 65 kb ICE in Bacteroides spp., conferring tetracycline and erythromycin resistance.
- CTnDOT is increasingly recognized for its role in spreading antibiotic resistance within the gut microbiota.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate the molecular mechanisms underlying the excision and transfer of the CTnDOT ICE.
- To characterize the unique properties of the IntDOT tyrosine recombinase and its role in CTnDOT integration/excision.
- To elucidate the complex interactions of proteins involved in CTnDOT excision, particularly in the presence of heterology.
Main Methods:
- Biochemical analysis of the IntDOT tyrosine recombinase.
- Characterization of excision proteins (Xis2c, Xis2d, Exc) and their roles in CTnDOT excision.
- Investigation of host factors and Holliday junction resolution in CTnDOT excision.
Main Results:
- CTnDOT excision and transfer are stimulated by tetracycline.
- IntDOT exhibits unique characteristics, tolerating heterology and differing in active site residues compared to other tyrosine recombinases.
- The excision process involves multiple proteins, including a topoisomerase (Exc) that may resolve heterologous Holliday junctions.
Conclusions:
- CTnDOT is a significant factor in the dissemination of antibiotic resistance genes in the human gut.
- The IntDOT recombinase possesses distinct catalytic properties facilitating its function.
- Complex protein interactions, including those involving Exc, are crucial for resolving heterology during CTnDOT excision.
More Related Videos
09:32Time-Resolved, Dynamic Computed Tomography Angiography for Characterization of Aortic Endoleaks and Treatment Guidance via 2D-3D Fusion-Imaging
Published on: December 9, 2021
05:49Reliability of Artificial Intelligence-Based Cone Beam Computed Tomography Integration with Digital Dental Images
Published on: February 23, 2024
Related Concept Videos
01:10Computed Tomography
Tomography refers to imaging by sections. Computed tomography (CT) is a non-invasive imaging technique that uses computers to analyze several cross-sectional X-rays to reveal minute details about structures in the body.
The technique was invented in the 1970s and is based on the principle that as X-rays pass through the body, they are absorbed or reflected at different levels. In the technique, a patient lies on a motorized platform while a computerized axial tomography (CAT) scanner rotates...
The technique was invented in the 1970s and is based on the principle that as X-rays pass through the body, they are absorbed or reflected at different levels. In the technique, a patient lies on a motorized platform while a computerized axial tomography (CAT) scanner rotates...
01:17Design Example: Alignment of a Road Line Using GIS
The alignment of a road line using Geographic Information Systems (GIS) is a critical process in civil engineering, combining advanced technology with practical decision-making. This methodology begins with the collection of geospatial data, including information on land cover, geomorphology, drainage patterns, slope, and contour details. Such data is typically acquired through satellite imagery and GIS tools, offering a comprehensive understanding of the terrain.Once the data is gathered, it...
01:26Integration by Parts: Indefinite Integrals
Integration by parts is a fundamental technique in calculus for evaluating integrals involving the product of two functions. It is particularly useful when direct integration is not feasible. The method is based on the product rule for differentiation, which states that the derivative of a product equals the derivative of the first function times the second, plus the first function times the derivative of the second. By integrating this identity and rearranging terms, the integration by parts...
01:23Integration by Parts: Definite Integrals
Definite integrals involving the product of two functions over a fixed interval can be evaluated using integration by parts. This method rewrites the integral as the difference of a product evaluated at the endpoints and a remaining definite integral that is often simpler to compute.A representative example is the definite integral of the inverse tangent function. Since there is no direct integration formula for arctan x, the integrand is rewritten as a product of arctan x and the constant...
01:29Integration by Parts: Problem Solving
Smart speakers process voice commands by modeling audio inputs as piecewise functions and analyzing them through integration against trigonometric functions, such as cosine. This mathematical approach is fundamental in signal processing, where complex sound waves are decomposed into simpler frequency components.Consider a definite integral involving a piecewise function multiplied by a cosine function. Because the function is defined differently over separate intervals, the integral is split...
01:30The Midpoint Rule for Double Integrals
The midpoint rule for a double integral provides a practical method for estimating volume over a rectangular region when the surface height varies continuously. In civil engineering, this method is useful for approximating the amount of soil to be moved when planning a road across uneven terrain. The road footprint is represented as a rectangle in the xy-plane. At the same time, the terrain elevation above a flat reference level is described by a continuous height function f(x,y). The objective...