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Related Concept Videos

Conservative Site-specific Recombination and Phase Variation02:53

Conservative Site-specific Recombination and Phase Variation

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Because the DNA segments are cut and reorganized in a direction-specific manner, site-specific recombination has emerged as an efficient genetic engineering technique. Flippase and Cyclization recombinases or Flp and Cre, respectively, are two members of the tyrosine recombinase family derived from bacteriophages, that are used to mediate site-specific DNA insertions, deletions, and targeted expression of proteins in mammalian cell lines.
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Homologous Recombination02:31

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The basic reaction of homologous recombination (HR) involves two chromatids that contain DNA sequences sharing a significant stretch of identity. One of these sequences uses a strand from another as a template to synthesize DNA in an enzyme-catalyzed reaction. The final product is a novel amalgamation of the two substrates. To ensure an accurate recombination of sequences, HR is restricted to the S and G2 phases of the cell cycle. At these stages, the DNA has been replicated already and the...
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Crossing Over01:30

Crossing Over

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Crossing over is the exchange of genetic information between homologous chromosomes during prophase I of meiosis I. Genetic recombination gives rise to allelic diversity in the newly formed daughter cells. In humans, crossing over produces genetically distinct haploid egg and sperm cells that undergo fertilization to produce unique offspring. Before cell division starts, the germ cell’s chromosome(s) undergo duplication in the S phase of the cell cycle. As the cells enter prophase I,...
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Viral Recombination00:57

Viral Recombination

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Cells are sometimes infected by more than one virus at once. When two viruses disassemble to expose their genomes for replication in the same cell, similar regions of their genomes can pair together and exchange sequences in a process called recombination. Alternatively, viruses with segmented genomes can swap segments in a process called reassortment.
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Translesion DNA Polymerases02:10

Translesion DNA Polymerases

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Translesion (TLS) polymerases rescue stalled DNA polymerases at sites of damaged bases by replacing the replicative polymerase and installing a nucleotide across the damaged site. Doing so, TLS allows additional time for the cell to repair the damage before resuming regular DNA replication.
TLS polymerases are found in all three domains of life - archaea, bacteria, and eukaryotes. Of the different classes of TLS polymerases, members of the Y family are fitted with specialized structures that...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Apr 8, 2026

Site-specific Bacterial Chromosome Engineering: ΦC31 Integrase Mediated Cassette Exchange (IMCE)
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The λ Integrase Site-specific Recombination Pathway.

Arthur Landy1

  • 1Division of Biology and Medicine, Brown University, Providence, RI.

Microbiology Spectrum
|June 25, 2015
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Bacteriophage lambda Int recombinase mediates DNA integration and excision in E. coli. Advances in X-ray crystallography and kinetics reveal detailed molecular mechanisms of this site-specific recombination pathway.

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Area of Science:

  • Molecular Biology
  • Genetics
  • Biochemistry

Background:

  • The bacteriophage lambda (λ) Int recombinase facilitates the integration and excision of the viral genome into and out of the Escherichia coli chromosome.
  • This site-specific recombination is a complex, regulated process involving DNA bending proteins and specific DNA binding sites.
  • Two distinct pathways, integrative and excisive recombination, are controlled by physiological and environmental signals.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review recent advancements in understanding the molecular mechanisms of the λ site-specific recombination pathway.
  • To integrate structural data from X-ray crystallography with kinetic studies to model complex formation and regulation.

Main Methods:

  • X-ray crystallography to determine protein-DNA structures at all interfaces.
  • Development of models for recombinogenic complex assembly and architecture.
  • Application of hexapeptide inhibitors and single-molecule kinetics for mechanistic insights.

Main Results:

  • Detailed protein-DNA structures have elucidated the interfaces driving the Int pathway.
  • Models for the assembly of regulatory components and the architecture of integrative and excisive complexes have been proposed.
  • New mechanistic insights into DNA binding and protein-DNA interactions have been gained.

Conclusions:

  • Significant progress has been made in understanding the λ Int recombination pathway, particularly through structural biology.
  • Integrated structural and kinetic data provide a comprehensive view of the recombinogenic complex.
  • The findings offer fundamental mechanistic insights into site-specific DNA recombination.