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Updated: Aug 9, 2026

Subcutaneous Neurotrophin 4 Infusion Using Osmotic Pumps or Direct Muscular Injection Enhances Aging Rat Laryngeal Muscles
Published on: June 13, 2017
[Glottis injection to improve voice function : Review of more than 500 operations]
1Städtisches Klinikum Karlsruhe gGmbH, Moltkestraße 90, 76133, Karlsruhe, Deutschland, monika.tigges@klinikum-karlsruhe.de.
Background:
Hoarseness due to insufficient glottal closure can be treated by injection laryngoplasty (augmentation). Vocal fold injections can be performed as an in-office procedure or under general anesthesia. As injection materials have recently improved and different injection approaches are available, injection laryngoplasties are performed much more frequently.
Objectives:
Advantages and disadvantages of injection materials, laryngeal approaches, and differential indications are described.
Materials And Methods:
Literature research and experience of more than 500 laryngeal injection procedures are provided.
Results And Conclusions:
Sophisticated use of available injection materials can provide a satisfying improvement of voice function with minimal patient discomfort. Adequate indication is mandatory for a favorable outcome. Further improvement regarding biocompatibility and the duration of injection materials is desirable.
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