Disruptive chemicals, senescence and immortality
Amancio Carnero1, Carmen Blanco-Aparicio2, Hiroshi Kondoh3
1Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla (IBIS/CSIC/HUVR/Univ. Sevilla), Oncohematology and Genetics Department, Avda Manuel siurot sn, 41013 Sevilla, Spain, Spanish National Cancer Research Center, Experimental Therapuetics Department, Melchor Fernandez Almagro, 3, 28029 Madrid, Spain, Department of Geriatric Medicine, Kyoto University Hospital, 54 Kawaharacho, Shogoin, Sakyo-ku Kyoto 606-8507, Japan, Institut De Recerca Hospital Vall D'Hebron, Passeig Vall d'Hebron, 119-129, 08035 Barcelona, Spain, Cell Biology Department, Pharmamar-SAU, Avda. De los Reyes, 1, 28770-Colmenar Viejo, Madrid, Spain, Istituto di Genetica Molecolare, CNR, Via Abbiategrasso 207, 27100 Pavia, Italy, Environmental and Molecular Toxicology, Environmental Health Science Center, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA, Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Firenze, Italy, Florence 50134, Italy, Molecular Oncology Program, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC 20057, USA, Center for Environmental Carcinogenesis and Risk Assessment, Environmental Protection and Health Prevention Agency, Bologna 40126, Italy, Toxicology Research Division, Bureau of Chemical Safety Food Directorate, Health Products and Food Branch Health Canada, Ottawa, Ontario K1A0K9, Canada, Department of Pathology, Kuwait University, Safat 13110, Kuwait, Urology Department, kasr Al-Ainy School of Medicine, Cairo University, El Manial, Cairo 12515, Egypt, Mediterranean Institute of Oncology, Viagrande 95029, Italy, Centre for Advanced Research, King George's Medical University, Chowk, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh 226003, India, Department of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Selangor 43400, Malaysia, Department of Environmental and Radiological Health Sciences, Colorado State University/Colorado School of Public Health, Fort Collins, CO 80523-1680, USA, The Wise Laboratory of Environmental and Genetic Toxicology,
Carcinogenesis involves clonal evolution, where cells with growth advantages drive tumor development. This study explores how chemical carcinogens contribute to cellular immortalization and tumorigenesis.
Area of Science:
- Oncology
- Cell Biology
- Genetics
Background:
- Carcinogenesis is a multistep process driven by clonal evolution and the selection of variant cells with growth advantages.
- Clonal evolution requires competitive proliferation, self-renewal capacity, and genetic/epigenetic variability for variant emergence.
- Key questions remain regarding the initiation of carcinogenesis, the role of environmental carcinogens, and mechanisms of chemical carcinogen-induced cellular immortality.
Purpose of the Study:
- To explore mechanisms of cellular immortalization in carcinogenesis.
- To investigate the contribution of cellular immortalization to tumorigenesis.
- To elucidate how chemical carcinogens may induce cellular immortality and contribute to cancer development.
Main Methods:
- Review and exploration of existing literature on carcinogenesis and clonal evolution.
- Analysis of proposed mechanisms for cellular immortalization.
- Examination of the role of genotoxic and non-genotoxic carcinogens in initiating and promoting cancer.
Main Results:
- Clonal selection, driven by driver mutations, is central to tumorigenesis.
- Cellular immortalization is a critical step in the development of cancer.
- Chemical carcinogens may play a significant role in initiating clonal evolution and promoting immortalization.
Conclusions:
- Understanding the mechanisms of cellular immortalization is crucial for comprehending carcinogenesis.
- Environmental and chemical carcinogens are implicated in initiating and progressing cancer through clonal evolution and immortalization.
- Further research is needed to fully elucidate the complex interplay between carcinogens, immortalization, and tumorigenesis.
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