Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Bone Formation by Intramembranous Ossification01:29

Bone Formation by Intramembranous Ossification

16.7K
Intramembranous ossification is one of the two processes involved in the development of bones within an embryo. The flat bones of the face, most of the cranial bones, and the clavicles are formed via this process. During intramembranous ossification, the bones develop directly from sheets of undifferentiated mesenchymal connective tissue.
The process begins when mesenchymal cells in the embryonic skeleton gather together and differentiate into osteogenic cells, which then develop into ...
16.7K
General Structure of a Vertebra01:30

General Structure of a Vertebra

8.3K
A typical vertebra, with the exception of the sacrum and coccyx, consists of a body, a vertebral arch, and seven different projections termed processes. The anterior portion of the vertebrae, the body, supports about half the body’s weight. The vertebral bodies progressively increase in size and thickness from the cervical region to the lumbar region of the vertebral column. The intervertebral discs present between the bodies of adjacent vertebrae firmly unites them, forming a continuous...
8.3K
Spongy Bone01:09

Spongy Bone

13.0K
All bones comprise an outer layer of compact bone, and an interior made up of spongy bone tissue, also called cancellous or trabecular bone. In long bones, spongy bone tissue is mainly found in the interior of the epiphyses (broad ends of the bone).
Spongy bone is more porous, and less dense compared to compact bone. It is composed of concentric lamellae that are arranged irregularly to form the trabecular network. In some bones, the spaces between trabeculae contain red marrow, where...
13.0K
Bone Formation by Endochondral Ossification01:24

Bone Formation by Endochondral Ossification

15.0K
Bone formation, or ossification, begins around the sixth to seventh week of embryonic development. Most bones develop from a cartilaginous template through the process of endochondral ossification. Cartilage formation begins when clusters of mesenchymal cells differentiate into chondrocytes. These chondrocytes proliferate rapidly and secrete an extracellular matrix that becomes encased in a membrane called the perichondrium. The resulting cartilage model provides a template that resembles the...
15.0K
Sutures of the Skull01:22

Sutures of the Skull

14.4K
The human skull is composed of several bones that come together to protect the brain and support the structures of the face. The junctions where these bones meet are called sutures.
Sutures are immobile joints between adjacent bones of the skull. The narrow gap between the bones is filled with dense, fibrous connective tissue that unites the bones. The long sutures located between the skull bones are not straight but instead follow irregular, tightly twisting paths. These twisting lines tightly...
14.4K
Vertebral Column: Regions and Curvature01:16

Vertebral Column: Regions and Curvature

11.7K
The vertebral column or spine is a flexible column that supports the head, neck, and body and  allows for their movements. It also protects the spinal cord.
Regions of the Vertebral Column
In an adult, the spine is subdivided into five regions: the cervical, the thoracic, the lumbar, the sacral, and the coccygeal region. The spine initially develops as a series of 33 vertebrae; after 20 years of age, the nine bones in the sacral region, five sacral, and four coccygeal bones fuse to form...
11.7K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Chronic developmental exposure to traffic-derived PM<sub>2.5</sub> has limited skeletal effects in mice.

Scientific reports·2026
Same author

How muscle talks to brain: apelin protein mediates exercise-induced antidepressant effects.

Molecular psychiatry·2026
Same author

Improving resource stewardship in post-pandemic primary care: Insights into choosing Wisely Canada guidelines.

Canadian journal of rural medicine : the official journal of the Society of Rural Physicians of Canada = Journal canadien de la medecine rurale : le journal officiel de la Societe de medecine rurale du Canada·2026
Same author

Current approaches to diagnosing and managing anterior cruciate ligament injuries in skeletally immature patients.

The bone & joint journal·2025
Same author

Can Asymmetrical Mechanical Loading Be Accurately Inferred From the Analysis of Skeletal Material?

American journal of biological anthropology·2025
Same author

Ontogeny of murine bony semicircular canal form.

Anatomical record (Hoboken, N.J. : 2007)·2025

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Apr 8, 2026

Author Spotlight: An Economic and Efficient Method for Quantitative Evaluation of Bone Microarchitecture in a Murine Osteoporosis Model
06:59

Author Spotlight: An Economic and Efficient Method for Quantitative Evaluation of Bone Microarchitecture in a Murine Osteoporosis Model

Published on: September 8, 2023

3.9K

Early Trabecular Development in Human Vertebrae: Overproduction, Constructive Regression, and Refinement.

Frank Acquaah1, Katharine A Robson Brown2, Farah Ahmed3

  • 1MSk Laboratory, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London , London , UK ; School of Medicine, King's College London , London , UK.

Frontiers in Endocrinology
|June 25, 2015
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Early bone development is crucial for adult bone strength, with infant bone loss never fully recovered. Structural changes in trabecular microarchitecture, not just bone mass, are key for bone strength.

Keywords:
bone growthdevelopmentmicrocomputed tomographyontogenytrabecularvertebra

More Related Videos

Outer-Boundary Assisted Segmentation and Quantification of Trabecular Bones by an Imagej Plugin
09:36

Outer-Boundary Assisted Segmentation and Quantification of Trabecular Bones by an Imagej Plugin

Published on: March 14, 2018

9.9K
Semiautomated Longitudinal Microcomputed Tomography-based Quantitative Structural Analysis of a Nude Rat Osteoporosis-related Vertebral Fracture Model
07:12

Semiautomated Longitudinal Microcomputed Tomography-based Quantitative Structural Analysis of a Nude Rat Osteoporosis-related Vertebral Fracture Model

Published on: September 28, 2017

8.7K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Apr 8, 2026

Author Spotlight: An Economic and Efficient Method for Quantitative Evaluation of Bone Microarchitecture in a Murine Osteoporosis Model
06:59

Author Spotlight: An Economic and Efficient Method for Quantitative Evaluation of Bone Microarchitecture in a Murine Osteoporosis Model

Published on: September 8, 2023

3.9K
Outer-Boundary Assisted Segmentation and Quantification of Trabecular Bones by an Imagej Plugin
09:36

Outer-Boundary Assisted Segmentation and Quantification of Trabecular Bones by an Imagej Plugin

Published on: March 14, 2018

9.9K
Semiautomated Longitudinal Microcomputed Tomography-based Quantitative Structural Analysis of a Nude Rat Osteoporosis-related Vertebral Fracture Model
07:12

Semiautomated Longitudinal Microcomputed Tomography-based Quantitative Structural Analysis of a Nude Rat Osteoporosis-related Vertebral Fracture Model

Published on: September 28, 2017

8.7K

Area of Science:

  • Orthopedics and Bone Biology
  • Developmental Biology
  • Biomaterials Science

Background:

  • Bone mineral density (BMD) and bone mass are critical for adult bone strength.
  • A decrease in BMD and bone mass post-birth raises questions about early development's role in bone health.
  • Understanding early vertebral bone development is essential for inferring its impact on adult bone structure.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To document early vertebral trabecular bone development from 6 months gestation to 2.5 years.
  • To compare early bone development with adult bone mass and structure.
  • To investigate the importance of early development for adult bone strength.

Main Methods:

  • Microcomputed tomography was used to visualize 120 vertebrae.
  • 3D bone analysis software (BoneJ, Quant3D) was employed for measurements.
  • Spherical volumes of interest were defined and thresholded.

Main Results:

  • Gestational bone development showed increasing bone volume fraction.
  • Infancy was characterized by significant bone loss (approximately 2/3rds) and anisotropic trabecular structure.
  • Childhood involved selective trabecular thickening and loss, maintaining bone volume while increasing anisotropy.

Conclusions:

  • Vertebral development involves gestational overproduction followed by infant "sculpting" and childhood refinement.
  • Infant bone loss is substantial and never fully recovered in adulthood.
  • Early development influences adult bone strength through microarchitectural changes rather than bone mass.