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Retinal Prostheses Development in Retinitis Pigmentosa Patients-Progress and Comparison.

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Summary

Electronic retinal prostheses offer hope for retinitis pigmentosa patients. Subretinal implants show promise, with one type restoring significant visual function and even enabling object recognition.

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Area of Science:

  • Ophthalmology
  • Biomedical Engineering
  • Neuroscience

Background:

  • Retinitis pigmentosa causes progressive vision loss.
  • Electronic retinal prostheses aim to restore vision in blind patients.
  • Several research groups have developed and tested retinal implants since 2000.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review and compare the techniques and results of chronic studies involving electronic retinal prostheses.
  • To evaluate visual function outcomes from epiretinal and subretinal implant groups.

Main Methods:

  • Comparison of 4 retinal prosthesis groups: 2 epiretinal and 2 subretinal.
  • Analysis of visual function results reported in recent publications.
  • Assessment of adverse effects and visual perception outcomes.

Main Results:

  • Subretinal implants demonstrated fewer serious adverse effects compared to epiretinal implants.
  • Retinal implants generated patterned phosphene vision; subretinal devices showed higher resolution.
  • One subretinal implant (Optobionics) induced neurotrophic rescue, significantly improving visual acuity, color and contrast perception, and visual field.

Conclusions:

  • Both epiretinal and subretinal prostheses can create patterned vision.
  • Subretinal implants, particularly the Optobionics Artificial Silicon Retina, offer superior visual restoration through both direct stimulation and neurotrophic effects.
  • The Optobionics implant achieved the most significant return of visual function, including object and facial recognition.