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Cytomegalovirus Disease

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Cytomegalovirus (CMV) disease is caused by human cytomegalovirus, a double-stranded DNA virus of the Herpesviridae family. While primary CMV infection is often asymptomatic in immunocompetent individuals, the virus can cause severe disease in neonates and immunocompromised patients. CMV is the most common cause of congenital viral infection in the United States, and a major pathogen in solid organ and hematopoietic stem cell transplant recipients.CMV is transmitted via bodily fluids, sexual...
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Arboviral encephalitis refers to brain inflammation caused by arthropod-borne viruses, particularly those transmitted through mosquito vectors. Among these, West Nile virus (WNV), a member of the Flaviviridae family, is a significant public health concern. WNV is an enveloped, positive-sense, single-stranded RNA virus. Human infection typically begins when an infected mosquito introduces the virus into the dermis during feeding. The primary transmission cycle involves birds as amplifying hosts...
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Viral meningitis is the most common form of meningitis and is often referred to as aseptic meningitis to indicate the absence of bacterial involvement. It is generally milder than bacterial meningitis, with symptoms including fever, headache, stiff neck, drowsiness, nausea, photophobia, and vomiting. Rarely, more severe manifestations or death may occur. Common causative agents include enteroviruses, particularly coxsackie A and B viruses and echoviruses, all members of the Enterovirus genus...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Apr 8, 2026

A Primary Neuron Culture System for the Study of Herpes Simplex Virus Latency and Reactivation
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Typical case: herpes zoster.

Guilherme Cristianini Baldivia1, Gustavo Silveira Graudenz2

  • 1Nove de Julho University, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.

Revista Da Associacao Medica Brasileira (1992)
|June 25, 2015
PubMed
Summary

Varicella zoster virus causes both chickenpox and shingles. Reactivation of this virus in nerve tissues leads to the characteristic painful, blistering rash of shingles.

Area of Science:

  • Virology
  • Dermatology
  • Neurology

Background:

  • Varicella zoster virus (VZV) is a human herpesvirus responsible for varicella (chickenpox) and herpes zoster (shingles).
  • Following primary infection, VZV establishes latency within the dorsal root ganglia (DRG).

Observation:

  • Herpes zoster manifests as a unilateral, dermatomal rash characterized by painful vesicular lesions on an erythematous base.
  • Reactivation of latent VZV from the DRG is the etiological basis for herpes zoster.

Findings:

  • The study focuses on the pathogenesis of herpes zoster, specifically the reactivation of dormant VZV.
  • VZV reactivation triggers inflammatory responses and neuronal damage, leading to characteristic clinical presentations.

Implications:

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  • Understanding VZV reactivation is crucial for developing targeted antiviral therapies and preventative strategies for herpes zoster.
  • Further research into VZV latency and reactivation mechanisms can inform novel treatment approaches for neuropathic pain associated with shingles.