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Computed Tomography

Computed Tomography

Tomography refers to imaging by sections. Computed tomography (CT) is a non-invasive imaging technique that uses computers to analyze several cross-sectional X-rays to reveal minute details about structures in the body.
The technique was invented in the 1970s and is based on the principle that as X-rays pass through the body, they are absorbed or reflected at different levels. In the technique, a patient lies on a motorized platform while a computerized axial tomography (CAT) scanner rotates...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Apr 8, 2026

Irradiator Commissioning and Dosimetry for Assessment of LQ α and β Parameters, Radiation Dosing Schema, and in vivo Dose Deposition

Irradiator Commissioning and Dosimetry for Assessment of LQ α and β Parameters, Radiation Dosing Schema, and in vivo Dose Deposition

Published on: March 11, 2021

The collapsed cone algorithm for (192)Ir dosimetry using phantom-size adaptive multiple-scatter point kernels.

Åsa Carlsson Tedgren¹, Mathieu Plamondon, Luc Beaulieu

¹Department of Medical and Health Sciences (IMH) and Center for Medical Image Science and Visualization, Radiation Physics, Linköping University, SE-581 85 Linköping, Sweden and Department of Medical Physics, Karolinska University Hospital, SE 171 76 Stockholm, Sweden.

Physics in Medicine and Biology

|June 26, 2015

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

The collapsed cone (CC) algorithm

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Irradiator Commissioning and Dosimetry for Assessment of LQ α and β Parameters, Radiation Dosing Schema, and in vivo Dose Deposition

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Area of Science:

Medical Physics
Radiotherapy Dosimetry

Background:

The collapsed cone (CC) algorithm is widely used for dose calculation in radiotherapy.
Accurate dose distribution calculation is crucial for effective cancer treatment.
The accuracy of the CC algorithm depends on the parameters used in its underlying models.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate the impact of water phantom size on dose distributions calculated by the CC algorithm.
To evaluate the dependence of CC algorithm accuracy on the dimensions of the phantom used for deriving multiple-scatter kernels.
To compare CC algorithm calculations with Monte Carlo (MC) simulations.

Main Methods:

A research version of the CC algorithm with selectable point kernels derived in spherical water phantoms of varying radii (5-50 cm) was employed.
Dose distributions were calculated using CC and compared to MC simulations (Geant4-based Algebra code) in water phantoms and a clinical breast geometry.
Agreement was assessed by comparing CC calculations with MC simulations.

Main Results:

Agreement with MC within 1% was achieved when the phantom size used for kernel derivation matched the calculation phantom size.
Dose overestimation (2-7%) occurred at phantom edges when kernels were derived in larger phantoms, and underestimation occurred with smaller phantoms.
The CC algorithm showed good agreement with MC in high-dose regions of breast implants and outperformed TG43 for skin dose calculations.

Conclusions:

The accuracy of the CC algorithm's multiple-scatter dose approximation is significantly influenced by the relationship between point kernel size and phantom dimensions.
Adapting the point kernel to patient/phantom dimensions can improve dose calculation accuracy, particularly in low-dose regions near phantom edges.
The current fixed point kernel in the CC algorithm can lead to dose overestimations (2-5%) at phantom edges in specific clinical scenarios.