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Related Concept Videos

Regulation of Nuclear Protein Sorting01:45

Regulation of Nuclear Protein Sorting

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Nuclear protein sorting regulates nucleus composition and gene expression, crucial for determining the fate of a eukaryotic cell. Hence, the entry and exit of molecules across the nuclear envelope is a tightly controlled process. Nuclear protein sorting can be inhibited by one of the following ways: 1) masking cargo signal sequences, 2) modifying the nuclear receptor's affinity for cargo, 3) controlling the nuclear pore size, 4) retaining the cargo during its transit to the cytosol or the...
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Transducer Mechanism: Nuclear Receptors01:31

Transducer Mechanism: Nuclear Receptors

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Nuclear receptors, or NRs, are unique transcription factors that regulate gene transcription and affect the cellular pathways involved in reproduction, development, or metabolism. Their ability to be stimulated by small lipophilic ligands and control vital cellular processes makes them ideal drug targets. Nearly 10-15% of currently prescribed drugs target these receptors.
About 48 different soluble family members of nuclear receptors are identified that can be divided into two main classes:
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Directionality of Nuclear Transport01:42

Directionality of Nuclear Transport

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Ras-related nuclear protein or Ran is a small G protein that cycles between its GTP and GDP bound states. Ran specific regulators, a Ran GTPase Activating Protein or RanGAP present in the cytosol and a Ran guanine nucleotide exchange factor or RanGEF present inside the nucleus regulate GTP/GDP exchange. A high concentration of GTP inside the cells, in addition to this asymmetric distribution of  Ran-specific regulators, leads to a higher RanGTP concentration inside the nucleus. This...
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Nuclear Export01:42

Nuclear Export

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The nucleus restricts several proteins within and allows others to pass. The restricted proteins possess a nuclear retention sequence or NRS, anchoring them to the nuclear lamins and preventing their transport to the cytosol. The non-restricted proteins, after their synthesis, are transported to their site of action, such as the cytosol or other organelles, with the help of nuclear export signals or NES.
NES are of three types- the canonical 10-residue long leucine-rich signal and other...
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The Nucleolus02:55

The Nucleolus

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The nucleolus is the most prominent substructure of the nucleus. When it was first discovered, it was considered to be an isolated organelle that forms fibrils and granules. In 1931, the relationship between the nucleolus and chromosomes was first described by Heitz. He observed that the appearance and size of nucleolus varies depending on the stage of the cell cycle. He also noticed constricted regions on different chromosomes clustered together at definite cell cycle stages. These regions,...
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NF-κB-dependent Signaling Pathway02:26

NF-κB-dependent Signaling Pathway

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The transcription factor NF-κB was discovered in 1986 in the lab of Nobel laureate Professor David Baltimore, for its interaction with the immunoglobulin light chain enhancer in B-cells. After more than three decades of study, it is now evident that NF-κB regulates the expression of over 100 genes. Most of these genes play an essential role in the innate and adaptive immune responses as well as the inflammatory responses of animals.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Apr 8, 2026

Deacetylation Assays to Unravel the Interplay between Sirtuins SIRT2 and Specific Protein-substrates
14:32

Deacetylation Assays to Unravel the Interplay between Sirtuins SIRT2 and Specific Protein-substrates

Published on: February 27, 2016

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Nuclear respiratory factor 2 induces SIRT3 expression.

F Kyle Satterstrom1,2, William R Swindell3, Gaëlle Laurent2

  • 1Harvard School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Cambridge, MA, 02138, USA.

Aging Cell
|June 26, 2015
PubMed
Summary

Nuclear Respiratory Factor 2 (NRF-2) upregulates the mitochondrial deacetylase SIRT3 during nutrient stress. This study identifies NRF-2 as a key regulator of SIRT3 expression, clarifying a critical metabolic pathway.

Keywords:
SIRT3calorie restrictiondietary restrictionmicroarray analysisnuclear respiratory factor 2

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Apr 8, 2026

Deacetylation Assays to Unravel the Interplay between Sirtuins SIRT2 and Specific Protein-substrates
14:32

Deacetylation Assays to Unravel the Interplay between Sirtuins SIRT2 and Specific Protein-substrates

Published on: February 27, 2016

8.8K

Area of Science:

  • Cellular Metabolism
  • Mitochondrial Biology
  • Gene Regulation

Background:

  • The mitochondrial deacetylase SIRT3 is crucial for metabolic regulation.
  • SIRT3 expression increases during nutrient stress (dietary restriction, fasting), but the underlying mechanism is unknown.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To identify the transcription factor responsible for SIRT3 upregulation during nutrient stress.
  • To elucidate the molecular mechanism linking nutrient stress to SIRT3 expression.

Main Methods:

  • Bioinformatic analysis of gene expression data and transcription factor binding sites.
  • In vitro experiments involving NRF-2 knockdown and overexpression.
  • Chromatin immunoprecipitation to assess NRF-2 binding to the SIRT3 promoter.

Main Results:

  • Bioinformatic analysis revealed enrichment of Nuclear Respiratory Factor 2 (NRF-2) binding sites in the SIRT3 gene promoter and co-regulated genes.
  • NRF-2 modulated SIRT3 levels in vitro.
  • The NRF-2α subunit directly binds to the SIRT3 promoter region.

Conclusions:

  • NRF-2 is a key transcription factor that directly regulates SIRT3 expression.
  • NRF-2 mediates the upregulation of SIRT3 during nutrient stress conditions.
  • This finding provides insight into the molecular control of mitochondrial function under metabolic challenges.