Search research articles

ABOUT JoVE

Overview Leadership Blog JoVE Help Center

AUTHORS

Publishing Process Editorial Board Scope & Policies Peer Review FAQ Submit

LIBRARIANS

Testimonials Subscriptions Access Resources Library Advisory Board FAQ

RESEARCH

JoVE Journal Methods Collections JoVE Encyclopedia of Experiments Archive

EDUCATION

JoVE Core JoVE Business JoVE Science Education JoVE Lab Manual Faculty Resource Center Faculty Site

Terms & Conditions of Use

Related Concept Videos

Improving Translational Accuracy

Improving Translational Accuracy

Base complementarity between the three base pairs of mRNA codon and the tRNA anticodon is not a failsafe mechanism. Inaccuracies can range from a single mismatch to no correct base pairing at all. The free energy difference between the correct and nearly correct base pairs can be as small as 3 kcal/ mol. With complementarity being the only proofreading step, the estimated error frequency would be one wrong amino acid in every 100 amino acids incorporated. However, error frequencies observed in...

Improving Translational Accuracy

Improving Translational Accuracy

Ribosome Profiling

Ribosome Profiling

Ribosome profiling or ribo-sequencing is a deep sequencing technique that produces a snapshot of active translation in a cell. It selectively sequences the mRNAs protected by ribosomes to get an insight into a cell’s translation landscape at any given point in time.
Applications of ribosome profiling
Ribosome profiling has many applications, including in vivo monitoring of translation inside a particular organ or tissue type and quantifying new protein synthesis levels.
The technique...

Translational Regulation

Translational Regulation

Translational regulation in prokaryotes ensures efficient protein synthesis by controlling ribosome access to mRNA. This regulation is mediated by secondary RNA structures, including translational riboswitches, RNA thermometers, and small RNAs (sRNAs), which respond to intracellular and environmental signals to modulate gene expression.Translational RiboswitchesRiboswitches in the leader region of mRNAs can regulate translation by altering the accessibility of the Shine-Dalgarno (SD) sequence,...

Epistasis Analysis

Epistasis Analysis

Although Mendel chose seven unrelated traits in peas to study gene segregation, most traits involve multiple gene interactions that create a spectrum of phenotypes. When the interaction of various genes or alleles at different locations influences a phenotype, this is called epistasis. Epistasis often involves one gene masking or interfering with the expression of another (antagonistic epistasis). Epistasis often occurs when different genes are part of the same biochemical pathway. The...

Translation

Translation

Translation is the process of synthesizing proteins from the genetic information carried by messenger RNA (mRNA). Following transcription, it constitutes the final step in the expression of genes. This process is carried out by ribosomes, complexes of protein and specialized RNA molecules. Ribosomes, transfer RNA (tRNA), and other proteins produce a chain of amino acids—the polypeptide—as the end product of translation.
Translation Produces the Building Blocks of Life
Proteins are...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by

Same author

Multiscale analysis and functional validation of the cellular and genetic determinants of skeletal disease.

bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology·2026

Same author

Classification of indeterminate and off-target cell types within human kidney organoid differentiation.

iScience·2026

Same author

Patient induced pluripotent stem cells identify specificities of a reticular pseudodrusen phenotype in age-related macular degeneration.

Genome medicine·2026

Same author

The impact of sex on the immune system explored at the single-cell level.

American journal of human genetics·2026

Same author

Reply.

Gastroenterology·2026

Same author

<i>Trans</i>-eQTLs reveal the architecture of human gene regulatory networks.

medRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences·2026

Search research articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Apr 8, 2026

Polysome Fractionation and Analysis of Mammalian Translatomes on a Genome-wide Scale

Polysome Fractionation and Analysis of Mammalian Translatomes on a Genome-wide Scale

Published on: May 17, 2014

Expression quantitative trait locus analysis for translational medicine.

Greg Gibson¹, Joseph E Powell², Urko M Marigorta¹

¹Center for Integrative Genomics, School of Biology, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA.

Genome Medicine

|June 26, 2015

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Expression quantitative trait locus (eQTL) analysis helps identify genes influencing disease risk and informs translational medicine. This review highlights eQTLs

More Related Videos

Screening for Functional Non-coding Genetic Variants Using Electrophoretic Mobility Shift Assay EMSA and DNA-affinity Precipitation Assay DAPA

Screening for Functional Non-coding Genetic Variants Using Electrophoretic Mobility Shift Assay EMSA and DNA-affinity Precipitation Assay DAPA

Published on: August 21, 2016

Quantitative Immunofluorescence to Measure Global Localized Translation

Quantitative Immunofluorescence to Measure Global Localized Translation

Published on: August 22, 2017

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Apr 8, 2026

Polysome Fractionation and Analysis of Mammalian Translatomes on a Genome-wide Scale

Polysome Fractionation and Analysis of Mammalian Translatomes on a Genome-wide Scale

Published on: May 17, 2014

Screening for Functional Non-coding Genetic Variants Using Electrophoretic Mobility Shift Assay EMSA and DNA-affinity Precipitation Assay DAPA

Screening for Functional Non-coding Genetic Variants Using Electrophoretic Mobility Shift Assay EMSA and DNA-affinity Precipitation Assay DAPA

Published on: August 21, 2016

Quantitative Immunofluorescence to Measure Global Localized Translation

Quantitative Immunofluorescence to Measure Global Localized Translation

Published on: August 22, 2017

Area of Science:

Genetics and Genomics
Systems Biology
Translational Medicine

Background:

Genetic polymorphisms significantly influence disease risk and phenotypic traits.
Understanding the functional impact of these polymorphisms is crucial for disease etiology.
Expression quantitative trait locus (eQTL) analysis is a key tool in this domain.

Purpose of the Study:

To review the applications of eQTL analysis in identifying causal genes and disease mechanisms.
To explore how eQTLs aid in understanding cellular and environmental influences on gene expression.
To introduce transcriptional risk scores for refining disease liability estimates.

Main Methods:

Review of existing literature on expression quantitative trait locus (eQTL) analysis.
Integration of eQTL data with association studies for gene identification.
Conceptual development of transcriptional risk scores.

Main Results:

eQTL analysis effectively identifies causal genes within associated genomic regions.
It aids in pinpointing relevant cell types and regulators in disease pathogenesis.
eQTLs help characterize cancer drivers/modifiers and understand environmental/contextual gene expression modulation.

Conclusions:

eQTL analysis is a powerful approach for dissecting genetic contributions to disease.
The integration of eQTLs with other data types enhances our understanding of complex traits.
Transcriptional risk scores offer a refined method for assessing individual disease susceptibility.