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Childhood Facial Osteo Sarcoma: a Case Report
Hamid Farhangi1, Mahdi Farzadnia1, Ali Alamdaran1
1Hamid Farhangi MD Department of Pediatric Hematology-Oncology, Dr Sheikh Pediatric Hospital, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
The Archives of Bone and Joint Surgery
|June 26, 2015
Summary
Osteosarcoma, a rare childhood cancer, can occur in the face. This case highlights a unique, aggressive presentation in a very young child, emphasizing the need for further research into its causes and treatment.
Area of Science:
- Pediatric Oncology
- Skeletal Oncology
- Cancer Genetics
Background:
- Osteosarcoma (OS) is the eighth most common childhood cancer, with an incidence of 4 per million in children under 14.
- Facial OS accounts for 8-10% of all OS cases.
- While the exact etiology is unknown, predisposing factors include radiation, radiotherapy, Paget's disease, and fibrous dysplasia.
Observation:
- A 19-month-old girl presented with a rapidly progressing and treatment-resistant mass in the left cheek and orbit.
- This case is notable for the patient's exceptionally young age and sex.
- The tumor's location in the facial and orbital region is considered uncommon for pediatric osteosarcoma.
Findings:
- The presented case of facial osteosarcoma in a 19-month-old girl is unique due to her age, sex, tumor site, and aggressive, resistant nature.
- Evidence suggests X-ray-induced mutations in genomic DNA may contribute to osteosarcoma development.
- The 5-year survival rate for osteosarcoma is 68%, decreasing with age.
Implications:
- This case underscores the variability in osteosarcoma presentation and behavior, even in very young children.
- Further investigation into the genetic and environmental factors contributing to rare pediatric osteosarcoma presentations is warranted.
- Understanding unique cases can inform diagnostic and therapeutic strategies for aggressive pediatric cancers.
