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A field guide to current advances in paediatric movement disorders
Laura Silveira-Moriyama1, Jean-Pierre Lin
1aPostgraduate Program in Medicine, Universidade Nove de Julho, Uninove, São Paulo, Brazil bReta Lila Weston Institute, UCL Institute of Neurology, London, UK cNeurology Department, University of Campinas, FCM-UNICAMP, Campinas dComplex Motor Disorder Service, Children's Neurosciences, Evelina Children's Hospital, Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust & King's Health Partners, London, UK.
Advances in neurogenetics and neuroimmunology are transforming pediatric movement disorders. New genetic discoveries and therapies like behavioral interventions offer hope for conditions such as anti-NMDA receptor encephalitis and Tourette syndrome.
Area of Science:
- Neuroscience
- Genetics
- Immunology
Background:
- Paediatric movement disorders are increasingly understood through advances in neurogenetics and neuroimmunology.
- Nonpharmacological treatments are gaining prominence in managing these conditions.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review recent findings in paediatric movement disorders.
- To provide a framework for navigating the expanding literature in the field.
Main Methods:
- Review of recent scientific literature.
- Synthesis of findings from neurogenetics, neuroimmunology, and treatment studies.
Main Results:
- Anti-NMDA receptor encephalitis is a significant treatable cause of pediatric movement disorders, linked to herpes simplex encephalitis.
- Next-generation sequencing has identified more genes associated with paediatric movement disorders, revealing variable expressivity and pleiotropy.
- Behavioral therapies show efficacy in Tourette's syndrome and complex motor stereotypies.
- Dystonia management remains a clinical challenge.
Conclusions:
- Translational medicine advances are significantly impacting the diagnosis and treatment of paediatric movement disorders.
