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Published on: September 27, 2021
Deaths Caused by Gluteal Lipoinjection: What Are We Doing Wrong?
Lázaro Cárdenas-Camarena1, Jorge Enrique Bayter, Herley Aguirre-Serrano
1Guadalajara, Jalisco, México; and Bucaramanga and Bogotá, Colombia From the Instituto Jaliscience de Cirugia Reconstructiva, INNOVARE Cirugía Plástica Especializada; Security Committee of the Mexican Association of Plastic Esthetic and Reconstructive Surgery; Anesthesiologist and Reanimation Critical and Intensive Care Medicine, Clínica "El Pinar"; and Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Instituto Nacional de Medicina Legal y Ciencias Forenses Regional Colombia.
Background:
Intramuscular gluteal lipoinjection has become one of the most commonly used surgical procedures for achieving improvement in the gluteal contour; however, there are few studies that report and analyze the causes of secondary death from this surgical procedure.
Methods:
An analysis of secondary deaths from gluteal lipoinjection procedures was performed in Mexico and Colombia over periods of 10 and 15 years, respectively. In Mexico, the study was performed through a survey of all members of the Mexican Association of Reconstructive, Plastic and Aesthetic Surgery. In Colombia, the study was performed through an analysis of deaths and autopsies documented by the National Institute of Legal Medicine and Forensic Sciences Regional Bogotá.
Results:
A total of 413 Mexican plastic surgeons reported 64 deaths related to liposuction, with 13 deaths caused by gluteal lipoinjection. In Colombia, nine deaths were documented. Of the 13 deaths in Mexico, eight (61.6 percent) occurred during lipoinjection, whereas the remaining five (38.4 percent) occurred within the first 24 hours. In Colombia, six deaths (77.7 percent) occurred during surgery and three occurred (22.2 percent) immediately after surgery. In the Colombian autopsy results, seven cases of macroscopic fat embolism and two cases with a microscopic embolism were reported, with abundant fatty tissue in the infiltrated gluteal muscles.
Conclusions:
In this study, the authors found that intramuscular gluteal lipoinjection is associated with mortality caused by gluteal blood vessel damage allowing macroscopic and microscopic fat embolism; therefore, buttocks lipoinjection should be performed very carefully, avoiding injections into deep muscle planes.
Clinical Question/Level Of Evidence:
Therapeutic, V.
Insights
Gluteal lipoinjection can cause death due to fat embolism from blood vessel damage. Surgeons should avoid deep muscle injections during buttock augmentation to minimize risks.
Area of Science:
- Plastic Surgery
- Aesthetic Medicine
- Surgical Safety
Background:
- Gluteal lipoinjection is a popular cosmetic procedure for gluteal contour enhancement.
- Limited research exists on the causes of mortality associated with gluteal lipoinjection.
Observation:
- A study analyzed deaths from gluteal lipoinjection in Mexico and Colombia.
- Data was collected via surveys of plastic surgeons and autopsy records.
Findings:
- Gluteal lipoinjection was linked to mortality, primarily from fat embolism.
- Deaths often occurred during or immediately after the procedure due to gluteal blood vessel damage.
Implications:
- Intramuscular gluteal lipoinjection carries a risk of fatal fat embolism.
- Careful surgical technique, avoiding deep muscle plane injections, is crucial for patient safety.
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