Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Development of Human Microbiota01:30

Development of Human Microbiota

39
The human microbiota begins developing at birth and undergoes continual change as we age. Infancy marks a critical period of microbial sensitivity, offering a “window of opportunity” during which beneficial microbes help mature the immune system. By age three, children typically develop a more stable and diverse microbial community. Newborns acquire microbes from their immediate environment; vaginal delivery favors maternal vaginal microbes, while cesarean births favor microbes from...
39

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Peritoneal drainage versus laparotomy as initial treatment for surgical necrotising enterocolitis or spontaneous intestinal perforation in preterm very low birth weight infants.

The Cochrane database of systematic reviews·2025
Same author

Early versus late parenteral nutrition in term and late preterm infants: a randomised controlled trial.

BMJ paediatrics open·2024
Same author

High-Dose Docosahexaenoic Acid in Newborns Born at Less Than 29 Weeks' Gestation and Behavior at Age 5 Years: Follow-Up of a Randomized Clinical Trial.

JAMA pediatrics·2023
Same author

Mediation Analysis to Untangle Opposing Associations of High-Dose Docosahexaenoic Acid With IQ and Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia in Children Born Preterm.

JAMA network open·2023
Same author

Current parenteral nutrition practice and clinical outcomes of term and late preterm infants: A retrospective study.

Clinical nutrition ESPEN·2023
Same author

Neonatal Docosahexaenoic Acid in Preterm Infants and Intelligence at 5 Years.

The New England journal of medicine·2022

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Apr 8, 2026

Individualized Reconstitution of Human Milk Microbiota: A Feasible Approach in Real-World Settings
04:16

Individualized Reconstitution of Human Milk Microbiota: A Feasible Approach in Real-World Settings

Published on: February 7, 2025

1.0K

Human Milk Fortification.

Karen Simmer1

  • 1Centre for Neonatal Research and Education, The University of Western Australia and NICU King Edward and Princess Margaret Hospitals, Perth, WA, Australia.

Nestle Nutrition Institute Workshop Series
|June 27, 2015
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Human milk fortifiers are crucial for preterm infants, but current options may not meet revised nutritional needs. Further research is needed to optimize fortification for infant growth and long-term health.

More Related Videos

Breast Milk Enhances Growth of Enteroids: An Ex Vivo Model of Cell Proliferation
09:02

Breast Milk Enhances Growth of Enteroids: An Ex Vivo Model of Cell Proliferation

Published on: February 15, 2018

20.1K
Milk Collection in the Rat Using Capillary Tubes and Estimation of Milk Fat Content by Creamatocrit
07:38

Milk Collection in the Rat Using Capillary Tubes and Estimation of Milk Fat Content by Creamatocrit

Published on: December 16, 2015

13.3K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Apr 8, 2026

Individualized Reconstitution of Human Milk Microbiota: A Feasible Approach in Real-World Settings
04:16

Individualized Reconstitution of Human Milk Microbiota: A Feasible Approach in Real-World Settings

Published on: February 7, 2025

1.0K
Breast Milk Enhances Growth of Enteroids: An Ex Vivo Model of Cell Proliferation
09:02

Breast Milk Enhances Growth of Enteroids: An Ex Vivo Model of Cell Proliferation

Published on: February 15, 2018

20.1K
Milk Collection in the Rat Using Capillary Tubes and Estimation of Milk Fat Content by Creamatocrit
07:38

Milk Collection in the Rat Using Capillary Tubes and Estimation of Milk Fat Content by Creamatocrit

Published on: December 16, 2015

13.3K

Area of Science:

  • Neonatal Nutrition
  • Pediatric Gastroenterology

Background:

  • Human milk is ideal for preterm infants but lacks sufficient nutrients for optimal growth.
  • Current bovine milk-derived fortifiers may not meet revised Recommended Dietary Intakes (RDI).
  • Ex-uterine growth failure is a concern in very preterm infants.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To highlight the nutritional challenges in feeding preterm infants.
  • To discuss current human milk fortification practices and their limitations.
  • To emphasize the need for improved fortification strategies to meet RDI and prevent growth failure.

Main Methods:

  • Review of current literature on preterm infant nutrition and human milk fortification.
  • Analysis of revised Recommended Dietary Intakes (RDI) for very preterm infants.
  • Discussion of different fortification approaches: bovine milk-derived, donor human milk-derived, individualized, and stepwise.

Main Results:

  • Revised RDI recommend up to 4.2 g protein and 135 kcal/kg/day for very preterm infants.
  • Current commercial fortifiers may require supplementation to achieve RDI.
  • Donor human milk fortifiers may offer benefits like reduced necrotizing enterocolitis.
  • Individualized or stepwise fortification protocols can be employed, with safety monitoring.

Conclusions:

  • Optimizing human milk fortification is essential for preterm infant growth and development.
  • Additional nutritional strategies beyond current commercial fortifiers are needed.
  • Well-designed randomized clinical trials are urgently required to determine optimal fortification methods for long-term outcomes.