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Related Concept Videos

Ovarian Cycle01:27

Ovarian Cycle

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The menstrual cycle includes a critical component known as the ovarian cycle, which undergoes two main phases each month—the follicular phase and the luteal phase. The follicular phase is variable and averaging around 14 days. Ovulation, triggered by a surge in luteinizing hormone (LH), marks the transition between the two phases. The second phase, the luteal phase, is relatively consistent, lasting approximately 14 days, and is marked by the activity of the corpus luteum. While a cycle...
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Secretory Phase01:19

Secretory Phase

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The secretory phase of the menstrual cycle, spanning from day 14 to 28 in a typical 28-day cycle, is a period of significant physiological changes in the female reproductive system. This phase commences immediately after ovulation and is characterized by the preparation of the endometrium for potential embryo implantation.
Following ovulation, the corpus luteum, a temporary endocrine structure, produces progesterone and estrogens. These hormones stimulate the growth and coiling of endometrial...
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Hormonal Regulation of the Menstrual Cycle01:22

Hormonal Regulation of the Menstrual Cycle

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The ovarian cycle regulates endometrial changes throughout a single menstrual cycle via the coordinated action of gonadotrophin-releasing hormone (GnRH) and gonadotrophins.
At puberty, GnRH begins a pulsatile release pattern, which triggers the anterior pituitary gland to secrete follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH). The frequency and amplitude of GnRH pulses vary across the menstrual cycle, with faster pulses favoring LH release and slower pulses favoring FSH...
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Hormonal Control of the Ovarian Cycle01:30

Hormonal Control of the Ovarian Cycle

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The ovarian cycle is meticulously regulated by the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis. This cycle orchestrates the release of a mature oocyte, essential for reproduction.
Before puberty, the hypothalamus releases GnRH in a low frequency, low amplitude pulsatile manner. This along with the immature hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis activity, results in low estrogen levels and the absence of a fully functional ovarian cycle.  At puberty, GnRH secretion increases in both frequency and...
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Proliferative Phase01:20

Proliferative Phase

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The proliferative phase typically occurs after menstruation and lasts between 6 to 13 days in a standard 28-day cycle. This phase involves the reconstruction of the endometrium, guided by estrogen produced by the developing ovarian follicle.
Notably, the stratum basale, the basal layer of the endometrium, including the basal parts of the uterine glands, remains unaffected by menstruation. Stem cells in this layer undergo mitosis, regenerating the stratum functionalis and thickening the...
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The Menstrual Cycle01:19

The Menstrual Cycle

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The menstrual cycle is a recurrent sequence of changes in the uterine endometrium, specifically its functional layer, the stratum functionalis. This cycle prepares the uterus for potential pregnancy. This cycle typically spans 21–35 days, averaging 28 days, and aligns with the ovarian cycle, regulated by fluctuating levels of ovarian hormones, primarily estrogen and progesterone.
The menstrual phase occurs from days 1 to 5 and involves the shedding of the stratum functionalis, as a...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Apr 8, 2026

Methods for Studying Uterine Contributions to Pregnancy Establishment in an Ovariectomized Mouse Model
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Random serum progesterone threshold to confirm ovulation.

R Leiva1, T Bouchard2, H Boehringer3

  • 1Bruyère Research Institute, CT Lamont Primary Health Care Research Centre, 43 Bruyère St, K1N 5C8 Ottawa, Canada; University of Ottawa, Department of Family Medicine, 43 Bruyère St, K1N 5C8 Ottawa, Canada.

Steroids
|June 27, 2015
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

A single serum progesterone level of at least 5 ng/ml accurately confirms ovulation. This finding aids clinicians in assessing female fertility and confirming ovulatory status.

Keywords:
Fertility awareness methodsInfertilityMenstrual cycleOvulationProgesteroneUltrasound

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Area of Science:

  • Reproductive endocrinology
  • Clinical biochemistry

Background:

  • Serum progesterone (P) levels naturally increase post-ovulation during the luteinization phase.
  • Accurate confirmation of ovulation is crucial for fertility assessments.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To establish a precise serum progesterone threshold for confirming ovulation.
  • To enhance the accuracy of fertility evaluations.

Main Methods:

  • Secondary analysis of a European multicenter observational study.
  • Inclusion of 107 women across 326 menstrual cycles.
  • Tracking of daily first morning urine (FMU), cervical mucus, serum progesterone, and ultrasonography for ovulation timing.

Main Results:

  • A single serum progesterone level of ≥5 ng/ml demonstrated high specificity (98.4%) and sensitivity (89.6%) for confirming ovulation.
  • The study analyzed serum progesterone levels from 102 women over 260 cycles.

Conclusions:

  • A random serum progesterone measurement of ≥5 ng/ml reliably confirms ovulation.
  • This threshold provides a valuable tool for clinicians to verify ovulation in women's health assessments.