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Related Concept Videos

Flail Chest-II01:26

Flail Chest-II

906
Managing flail chest, a condition characterized by a segment of the chest wall moving independently from the rest of the thoracic cage, requires a comprehensive approach. It includes a thorough assessment of the patient's condition, a diagnostic evaluation to determine the extent of the injury, and the implementation of appropriate medical interventions tailored to the individual's needs.
Assessment:
1. Clinical Evaluation:
History:
906
Flail Chest-I01:24

Flail Chest-I

1.0K
Overview of Flail Chest
Flail chest is a severe and potentially life-threatening condition characterized by the fracture of three or more adjacent ribs in multiple places. It is most commonly caused by direct impacts and trauma, such as motor vehicle accidents or injuries from a steering wheel impact. It can also occur due to falls in elderly individuals with osteoporosis, or assaults involving sharp objects.
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The pathophysiology of flail chest is complex, involving fractures of...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Apr 8, 2026

Vascularized Composite Upper Limb Allograft Harvesting for Proximal Arm Allotransplantation
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Vascularized Composite Upper Limb Allograft Harvesting for Proximal Arm Allotransplantation

Published on: June 13, 2025

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Does pectoralis major flap harvesting induce upper extremity dysfunction?

Qiang Sun1, Shu Guo2, Di Wang1

  • 1Department of Plastic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China.

The Journal of International Medical Research
|June 27, 2015
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Pectoralis major myocutaneous (PMM) flap reconstruction for head and neck cancer slightly increases upper extremity dysfunction. Postoperative arm and shoulder function, measured by the DASH score, was worse after PMM flaps compared to other reconstructions.

Keywords:
DASH questionnaireUpper extremity dysfunctionpectoralis major myocutaneous flapshoulder function

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Area of Science:

  • Reconstructive surgery
  • Oncology
  • Orthopedics

Background:

  • Head and neck cancer resection often requires complex reconstruction.
  • Pectoralis major myocutaneous (PMM) flaps are utilized for reconstruction.
  • The impact of PMM flaps on upper extremity function requires evaluation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To assess the effect of PMM flap reconstruction on upper extremity dysfunction.
  • To compare functional outcomes between PMM flap and non-PMM flap reconstructions.

Main Methods:

  • Patients undergoing PMM flap reconstruction for head and neck cancer were studied.
  • A control group received non-PMM flap reconstruction, matched for age, sex, and clinical characteristics.
  • The Disability of the Arm, Shoulder, and Hand (DASH) questionnaire was administered preoperatively and >1 year postoperatively.

Main Results:

  • No significant change in DASH scores was observed in the control group.
  • The PMM flap group showed a significant increase in postoperative DASH scores compared to preoperative.
  • Flap size correlated with increased postoperative upper extremity dysfunction in the PMM group.

Conclusions:

  • PMM flap reconstruction results in a statistically significant, albeit small, negative impact on upper extremity function.
  • This finding highlights a potential trade-off between oncologic reconstruction and functional preservation.