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Specific Heat01:16

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The specific heat capacity of a substance refers to the energy required to increase the temperature of one gram of that substance by one degree Celcius. Specific heat capacity is often represented in calories (cal), grams (g), and degrees Celsius (oC), but can also be expressed in joules (J), kilograms (kg), and Kelvin (K), among other units.
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Hyperthermophilic archaea are a group of extremophiles thriving at temperatures above 80°C, often in hydrothermal vents and volcanic soils where conditions surpass the boiling point of water. At such temperatures, proteins, membranes, and DNA in most organisms degrade, but hyperthermophiles have evolved remarkable adaptations to maintain stability and function.Unique Cellular FeaturesHyperthermophilic membranes are composed of a monolayer of biphytanyl tetraether lipids, which resist...
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Solutions of Gases in Liquids
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When a substance—isolated from its environment—is subjected to heat changes, corresponding changes in temperature and phase of the substance is observed; this is graphically represented by heating and cooling curves.
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Fabrication of Microscope Stage for Vertical Observation with Temperature Control Function
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Temperature affects the silicate morphology in a diatom.

N Javaheri1, R Dries1,2, A Burson3

  • 1Computational Science, University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, 1098 XH Amsterdam, The Netherlands.

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|June 27, 2015
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Diatom silica structures vary with temperature and silicon availability. Lower temperatures and silicon limitation promote a tree-like silica pattern, aiding cell division in Thalassiosira pseudonana.

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Area of Science:

  • Marine biology
  • Biomaterials science
  • Phytoplankton research

Background:

  • Diatoms are crucial phytoplankton that deposit silica.
  • Biosilicification in diatoms is vital for ecology and materials science.
  • In vivo physical and chemical effects on diatom silica morphology are under-investigated.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To quantitatively investigate the in vivo physical and chemical effects on diatom silica morphology.
  • To determine the impact of temperature on silica deposition in Thalassiosira pseudonana.
  • To correlate silica structure with cell division success under varying conditions.

Main Methods:

  • Culturing the marine diatom Thalassiosira pseudonana at 14°C, 18°C, and 23°C.
  • Utilizing scanning electron microscopy (SEM) to analyze silica valve morphology.
  • Employing image analysis and supervised learning for quantitative pattern assessment.

Main Results:

  • Three distinct temperature-dependent growth phases were observed.
  • Silica valve morphology varied: mesh-like in silicon-rich, tree-like in silicon-limited cultures.
  • Temperature significantly influenced silica patterns, particularly under silicon limitation.

Conclusions:

  • Diatom silica structure is adaptable to environmental conditions like temperature and silicon availability.
  • A tree-like silica pattern (lower silicification) facilitates successful cell division in silicon-limited conditions at lower temperatures (14°C and 18°C).
  • Findings provide insights into the biological control of biosilicification and its ecological implications.