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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Apr 8, 2026

3D-Neuronavigation In Vivo Through a Patient's Brain During a Spontaneous Migraine Headache

3D-Neuronavigation In Vivo Through a Patient's Brain During a Spontaneous Migraine Headache

Published on: June 2, 2014

Getting a handle on complicated migraine.

Tarig Mohammed Abkur¹, Enda McGowan¹, Hugh Kearney¹

¹Department of Neurology, HSE West, Galway, Ireland.

BMJ Case Reports

|June 27, 2015

Summary

A transient syndrome of headache and neurological deficits, known as Headache and Neurological Deficits with CSF Lymphocytosis (HaNDL), was diagnosed. This condition, characterized by elevated CSF protein and lymphocytes, resolved effectively with naproxen sodium treatment.

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Area of Science:

Neurology
Neuroimmunology

Background:

The syndrome of Headache and Neurological Deficits with CSF Lymphocytosis (HaNDL) is a rare, transient neurological condition.
Differential diagnosis for HaNDL is crucial due to its varied presentation and potential for mimicry of more severe neurological disorders.

Observation:

A 45-year-old male presented with acute onset headache and transient neurological deficits.
Initial neuroimaging, including cerebral angiography, revealed no abnormalities.
Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) analysis demonstrated elevated protein levels and lymphocytic pleocytosis.

Findings:

The patient's clinical presentation and CSF findings, after exclusion of other causes, led to the diagnosis of HaNDL.
The syndrome was transient, with neurological deficits resolving over time.

Implications:

This case highlights the importance of considering HaNDL in patients presenting with headache and neurological deficits, particularly when CSF shows lymphocytosis and protein elevation.
Prompt diagnosis and treatment with anti-inflammatory agents like naproxen sodium can lead to excellent patient outcomes.
Further research into the pathophysiology of HaNDL may reveal underlying mechanisms contributing to transient neurological dysfunction.