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Perimenopausal bone mass and risk factors.

P J Elders1, J C Netelenbos, P Lips

  • 1Department of Internal Medicine, Academisch Ziekenhuis Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.

Bone and Mineral
|November 1, 1989
PubMed
Summary

Menopausal status significantly impacts bone density. While calcium intake is crucial for peak bone mass, it doesn't significantly alter postmenopausal bone loss, suggesting risk factor assessment is inefficient for identifying women with low bone mass.

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Area of Science:

  • Bone health and osteoporosis research.
  • Reproductive endocrinology and aging.

Background:

  • Bone mineral density (BMD) and metacarpal cortical thickness (MCT) are key indicators of bone health.
  • Menopausal transition significantly influences bone metabolism.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the impact of menopausal status and various risk factors on lumbar BMD and MCT in women aged 46-55.
  • To determine the role of calcium intake in bone mass development and postmenopausal bone loss.

Main Methods:

  • Cross-sectional study of 286 women aged 46-55.
  • Assessment of menopausal status, body mass index, family history of osteoporosis, reproductive history, calcium intake, physical activity, tobacco, and alcohol consumption.
  • Measurement of lumbar BMD and MCT.

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Main Results:

  • Lumbar BMD and MCT significantly decreased during the perimenopausal and postmenopausal periods.
  • Premenopausal women with the lowest calcium intake (≤900 mg/day) had significantly lower lumbar BMD compared to those with the highest intake (≥1200 mg/day).
  • This association between calcium intake and BMD was not observed in peri- and postmenopausal women.

Conclusions:

  • Dietary calcium intake appears more critical for achieving peak bone mass than for modulating postmenopausal bone loss.
  • Menopausal status and low calcium intake were the primary identified determinants of bone mass in this cohort.
  • Assessing general risk factors is not an efficient method for identifying perimenopausal women with low bone mass.