Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Self-Presentation: Self-Monitoring and Self-Handicapping02:05

Self-Presentation: Self-Monitoring and Self-Handicapping

45.2K
People can go to great lengths to protect their self-image and present themselves in ways that they want others to see them. Sociologist Erving Goffman presented the idea that a person is like an actor on a stage. Calling his theory dramaturgy, Goffman believed that we use “impression management” to present ourselves to others as we hope to be perceived. Each situation is a new scene, and individuals perform different roles depending on who is present (Goffman, 1959). Think about...
45.2K
Persuasion Strategies01:52

Persuasion Strategies

44.0K
Researchers have tested many persuasion strategies, including the foot-in-the door and the door-in-the-face techniques, in a variety of contexts. Ultimately, the principles are effective in selling products and changing people’s attitude, ideas, and behaviors (Cialdini & Goldstein, 2004).
44.0K
Impression Management Techniques I: Managing Appearances01:29

Impression Management Techniques I: Managing Appearances

286
Appearance is a multidimensional aspect of self-presentation that encompasses observable attributes such as clothing, grooming, speech, and nonverbal behavior. These elements are often strategically managed to align with socially constructed expectations in different settings. For instance, individuals tailor their appearance during job interviews, social gatherings, or athletic events to meet the perceived norms of those environments.Contextual Adaptation and Social SignalsThe research...
286
Self-Presentation01:25

Self-Presentation

384
Self-presentation is a fundamental aspect of social interaction, shaping both how others perceive individuals and how they view themselves. This dynamic process influences behaviors in various social settings, often leading people to adjust their appearance, speech, and demeanor to align with their desired identity. While self-presentation can be deliberate or unconscious, it plays a critical role in interpersonal relationships and self-perception.Forms of Self-PresentationSelf-presentation can...
384
Understanding Deception01:14

Understanding Deception

234
Deception is a pervasive aspect of human communication. Empirical studies have shown that most individuals engage in some form of deceit on a daily basis, with approximately 20% of social exchanges involving deceptive elements. Lying follows a developmental trajectory, peaking during adolescence and declining with age, possibly due to the maturation of cognitive control and social accountability.Cognitive and Social Factors in Deception DetectionDespite its prevalence, accurately detecting...
234
Hypothesis: Accept or Fail to Reject?01:17

Hypothesis: Accept or Fail to Reject?

30.0K
The outcome of any hypothesis testing leads to rejecting or not rejecting the null hypothesis. This decision is taken based on the analysis of the data, an appropriate test statistic, an appropriate confidence level, the critical values, and P-values. However, when the evidence suggests that the null hypothesis cannot be rejected, is it right to say, 'Accept' the null hypothesis?
There are two ways to indicate that the null hypothesis is not rejected. 'Accept' the null...
30.0K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Decision-making preferences for intuition, deliberation, friends or crowds in independent and interdependent societies.

Proceedings. Biological sciences·2025
Same author

For Whom Does Determinism Undermine Moral Responsibility? Surveying the Conditions for Free Will Across Cultures.

Frontiers in psychology·2019
Same author

Do we really externalize or objectivize moral demands?

The Behavioral and brain sciences·2019
Same author

Small-scale societies exhibit fundamental variation in the role of intentions in moral judgment.

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America·2016
Same author

Moral parochialism misunderstood: a reply to Piazza and Sousa.

Proceedings. Biological sciences·2016
Same author

Why there might not be an evolutionary explanation for psychological altruism.

Studies in history and philosophy of biological and biomedical sciences·2015

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Apr 8, 2026

Using Eye Movements Recorded in the Visual World Paradigm to Explore the Online Processing of Spoken Language
09:27

Using Eye Movements Recorded in the Visual World Paradigm to Explore the Online Processing of Spoken Language

Published on: October 13, 2018

10.9K

The pretense debate.

Stephen Stich1, Joshua Tarzia1

  • 1Department of Philosophy & Center for Cognitive Science, Rutgers University, 106 Somerset St., 5(th) Floor, New Brunswick, NJ 098901-4800, USA.

Cognition
|June 27, 2015
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This study introduces a new "pretense game" theory. It explains children's pretense without requiring a "theory of mind," offering an alternative to existing psychological models.

Keywords:
Alan LeslieConceptsImaginationMindreadingPretenseTheory of mind

More Related Videos

The Modified Temptation Resistance Task: A Paradigm to Elicit Children's Strategic Lie-telling
06:51

The Modified Temptation Resistance Task: A Paradigm to Elicit Children's Strategic Lie-telling

Published on: April 6, 2018

9.0K
Exploring the Role of Deontic Reasoning and World Knowledge in Wason´s Selection Task
06:08

Exploring the Role of Deontic Reasoning and World Knowledge in Wason´s Selection Task

Published on: July 22, 2025

1.2K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Apr 8, 2026

Using Eye Movements Recorded in the Visual World Paradigm to Explore the Online Processing of Spoken Language
09:27

Using Eye Movements Recorded in the Visual World Paradigm to Explore the Online Processing of Spoken Language

Published on: October 13, 2018

10.9K
The Modified Temptation Resistance Task: A Paradigm to Elicit Children's Strategic Lie-telling
06:51

The Modified Temptation Resistance Task: A Paradigm to Elicit Children's Strategic Lie-telling

Published on: April 6, 2018

9.0K
Exploring the Role of Deontic Reasoning and World Knowledge in Wason´s Selection Task
06:08

Exploring the Role of Deontic Reasoning and World Knowledge in Wason´s Selection Task

Published on: July 22, 2025

1.2K

Area of Science:

  • Cognitive Psychology
  • Developmental Psychology

Background:

  • Existing theories, like Leslie's, link pretense to
  • theory of mind
  • , while Nichols and Stich propose a behavioral understanding.
  • Friedman and Leslie critiqued the Nichols and Stich theory for failing to explain joint pretense.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To propose a novel "pretense game" theory of pretense.
  • To offer an alternative to existing theories that does not necessitate a "theory of mind" for young children's pretense.
  • To address shortcomings in Leslie's theory regarding the explanation of pretense production and recognition.

Main Methods:

  • Development of a new theoretical framework: the "pretense game" theory.
  • Comparative analysis of the proposed theory against existing models (Leslie's, Nichols and Stich).
  • Argumentation based on explanatory power for joint pretense and recognition.

Main Results:

  • The "pretense game" theory provides an account of pretense that avoids the issues raised by Friedman and Leslie.
  • The new theory does not require children engaging in joint pretense to possess a "theory of mind" .
  • The proposed theory explains phenomena unexplained by Leslie's model.

Conclusions:

  • The "pretense game" theory offers a viable alternative for understanding early pretense.
  • This model better accounts for the development of joint pretense and recognition.
  • It highlights the limitations of innate concept-based explanations for pretense behavior.