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Development of a 3D-printed external ventricular drain placement simulator: technical note.

Bruce L Tai1,2, Deborah Rooney3, Francesca Stephenson1

  • 1Departments of 1 Mechanical Engineering.

Journal of Neurosurgery
|June 27, 2015
PubMed
Summary

This study introduces a 3D-printed physical simulator for external ventricular drain (EVD) placement, offering realistic haptic and visual feedback for neurosurgical training. The cost-effective simulator aims to improve resident proficiency in this critical procedure.

Keywords:
EVD = external ventricular drainICP = intracranial pressureVR = virtual realityexternal ventricular drain modelintracranial pressuresimulatorsurgical techniqueventriculostomyvirtual reality

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Area of Science:

  • Neurosurgery
  • Medical Simulation
  • 3D Printing Technology

Background:

  • External ventricular drain (EVD) placement is a common neurosurgical procedure for managing intracranial pressure and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF).
  • Current training methods for EVD placement lack realistic physical simulators, with most relying on virtual reality systems.
  • There is a need for advanced, cost-effective training tools that provide tactile and visual feedback for procedural learning.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop and validate a novel 3D-printed physical simulator for accurate external ventricular drain (EVD) placement.
  • To provide realistic haptic and visual feedback for comprehensive procedural training in neurosurgery.
  • To assess the content validity of the developed simulator through a multi-institutional survey.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized 3D printing technology to create a physical simulator directly from stealth head CT scans.
  • Constructed a phantom brain mold based on 3D scans of a plastinated human brain for anatomical accuracy.
  • Incorporated realistic haptic feedback and visualization of catheter trajectory and fluid drainage.
  • Conducted a multi-institutional survey to validate the simulator's content and effectiveness.

Main Results:

  • The 3D-printed simulator accurately replicates external ventricular drain (EVD) placement with realistic sensory feedback.
  • The simulator provides clear visualization of catheter trajectory and demonstrates fluid drainage, enhancing procedural understanding.
  • A multi-institutional survey confirmed the simulator's content validity, indicating its potential for training.

Conclusions:

  • The developed 3D-printed physical simulator offers a realistic and cost-effective platform for training neurosurgical residents in EVD placement.
  • The simulator effectively bridges the gap in current training tools by providing essential haptic and visual feedback.
  • With minor refinements, this simulator is poised to become a valuable educational resource in neurosurgical residency programs.