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Pharmacokinetics in Pediatric Patients: Drug Excretion01:26

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In pediatric medicine, understanding the renal function and drug elimination nuances is crucial for administering safe and effective treatments. Newborns, in particular, display markedly slower renal functions than adults, profoundly affecting how drugs are cleared from their bodies. This slower drug clearance requires clinicians to extend the dosing intervals for many medications to prevent drug accumulation and toxicity while ensuring therapeutic efficacy.One key area where these adjustments...
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In pediatric care, understanding the nuances of hepatic drug metabolism is crucial, as it significantly differs from that of adults. This divergence is primarily due to the developmental stage of drug-metabolizing enzymes, which affects how medications are processed in the body. In neonates, for instance, the activity of Phase I enzymes—critical for the initial breakdown of drugs—is markedly reduced, functioning at just 20–40% of the levels seen in adults. This reduction poses...
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Kinase Inhibitor Screening In Self-assembled Human Protein Microarrays
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Pharmacist-led screening program for an inner-city pediatric population.

Jennifer Padden Elliott, Chelsea Harrison, Chelsea Konopka

    Journal of the American Pharmacists Association : Japha
    |June 29, 2015
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    Pediatric health screenings in Pittsburgh revealed high rates of potential asthma, obesity, and hypertension among inner-city youth. Increased weight correlated with higher risks of hypertension and environmental tobacco smoke exposure.

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    Area of Science:

    • Public Health
    • Pediatric Health
    • Health Disparities

    Background:

    • Inner-city youth, particularly those in lower socioeconomic and predominantly Black communities, face significant health challenges.
    • Asthma, obesity, and hypertension are prevalent chronic conditions affecting children.
    • Environmental tobacco smoke (ETS) exposure poses a serious risk to pediatric health.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To determine the prevalence of asthma, obesity, hypertension, and ETS exposure in a pediatric population.
    • To identify risk factors associated with these conditions.
    • To provide recommendations for follow-up care and management strategies.

    Main Methods:

    • A cross-sectional study involving 12 health screenings for children aged 5-17 in Pittsburgh, PA.
    • Screenings were conducted by pharmacists and student pharmacists over two years (April 2010 - April 2012).
    • Offered screenings for asthma, obesity, hypertension, and ETS exposure.

    Main Results:

    • 144 children (50% girls, 89% Black, non-Hispanic) were enrolled.
    • High rates of positive screens were observed: 16% for asthma (4% poorly controlled, 18% potential undiagnosed), 53% unhealthy weight, 24% abnormal blood pressure, and 26% significant ETS exposure.
    • Hypertension and heavy ETS exposure increased with higher weight classifications (P <0.001 and P = 0.019, respectively).

    Conclusions:

    • This pediatric population exhibited high rates of potential asthma, obesity, hypertension, and smoking.
    • Increased weight was linked to elevated risks of hypertension and ETS exposure.
    • Pharmacists play a crucial role in pediatric disease screening, emphasizing the need for targeted prevention and management in diverse populations.