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Interfacial hydrodynamic instabilities driven by cross-diffusion in reverse microemulsions.

M A Budroni1, J Carballido-Landeira2, A Intiso3

  • 1Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Sassari, Via Vienna 2, 07100 Sassari, Italy.

Chaos (Woodbury, N.Y.)
|June 29, 2015
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Cross-diffusion in microemulsions can unexpectedly cause buoyancy-driven convection, even when less dense fluids are layered above denser ones. This study reveals two distinct cross-diffusion driven instabilities, confirmed experimentally with Aerosol-OT microemulsions.

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Area of Science:

  • Fluid dynamics
  • Colloid and surface chemistry
  • Thermodynamics

Background:

  • Cross-diffusion, the transport of one species driven by another's concentration gradient, is a key phenomenon in multi-component systems.
  • Microemulsions, thermodynamically stable dispersions, exhibit complex interfacial behavior influenced by diffusion dynamics.
  • Buoyancy-driven convection typically occurs when denser fluids are positioned below less dense fluids.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To theoretically investigate the potential for cross-diffusion to induce buoyancy-driven convective instabilities in stratified microemulsions.
  • To identify the mechanisms and conditions leading to such instabilities, considering both positive and negative cross-diffusion.
  • To experimentally validate the predicted cross-diffusion driven convective phenomena.

Main Methods:

  • Theoretical modeling of cross-diffusion effects in a two-layer microemulsion system under gravity.
  • Analysis of the onset conditions for convective instabilities based on diffusion coefficients and density gradients.
  • Experimental setup involving stratified layers of Aerosol-OT (AOT) water-in-oil microemulsions with varying compositions.

Main Results:

  • Theoretical prediction that cross-diffusion can induce convective instabilities at the interface of stratified microemulsions, defying normal density stratification.
  • Identification of two distinct convective modes, arising from positive and negative cross-diffusion effects.
  • Experimental confirmation of these predicted cross-diffusion driven instabilities using Aerosol-OT microemulsions.

Conclusions:

  • Cross-diffusion is a significant factor capable of driving convective instabilities in microemulsion systems, even against gravitational stability.
  • The direction and magnitude of cross-diffusion (positive or negative) determine the nature of the induced convective modes.
  • This work demonstrates a novel mechanism for generating fluid motion in microemulsions, with implications for transport phenomena and interfacial dynamics.