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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Apr 8, 2026

Design and Implementation of an fMRI Study Examining Thought Suppression in Young Women with, and At-risk, for Depression
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Does rumination mediate the relationship between mindfulness and depressive relapse?

Nicole P Kearns1, Frances Shawyer1, Joanne E Brooker1,2

  • 1Department of Psychiatry, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.

Psychology and Psychotherapy
|June 30, 2015
PubMed
Summary

Mindfulness may help prevent major depressive disorder relapse, but rumination does not appear to be a significant mediator. Further research is needed to understand the complex relationship between mindfulness and relapse prevention.

Keywords:
depressiondepressive relapsemediation analysismindfulnessmindfulness-based cognitive therapyrelapserumination

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Area of Science:

  • Psychiatry
  • Clinical Psychology
  • Mental Health

Background:

  • Major depressive disorder (MDD) frequently recurs, especially after multiple episodes.
  • Mindfulness and reduced rumination are linked to lower rates of depressive relapse.
  • Understanding the mechanisms underlying relapse prevention is crucial for effective treatment.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate whether rumination mediates the relationship between mindfulness and depressive relapse in individuals with recurrent MDD.
  • To explore specific components of mindfulness (nonjudging) and rumination (brooding) in this mediation pathway.

Main Methods:

  • Prospective secondary data analysis using mediation analysis within a pragmatic randomized controlled trial.
  • 203 participants with a history of at least three previous depression episodes were followed for 2 years.
  • Measures included mindfulness, rumination, and depressive relapse, with specific attention to nonjudging and brooding.

Main Results:

  • Higher mindfulness scores were associated with reduced rumination and depressive relapse.
  • Rumination did not significantly mediate the relationship between mindfulness and depressive relapse, though a trend was observed.
  • Specific components like nonjudging and brooding showed similar non-significant mediation effects.

Conclusions:

  • Mindfulness appears important for preventing depressive relapse, but rumination is not a significant mediator of this effect.
  • The mechanism by which mindfulness influences relapse is likely more complex than a direct effect on rumination.
  • While the study was powered for medium effects, smaller mediation effects may exist but were not detected.