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Updated: Apr 8, 2026

Atomic Absorbance Spectroscopy to Measure Intracellular Zinc Pools in Mammalian Cells
Published on: May 16, 2019
Zinc compound air releases from Toxics Release Inventory facilities and cardiovascular disease mortality rates
Bo-chiuan Chen1, Juhua Luo2, Michael Hendryx1
1Department of Applied Health Science, School of Public Health, Indiana University Bloomington, 1025 E. 7th Street, Suite 111, Bloomington, IN 47405, USA.
Background:
Inhaled zinc has been found in association with cardiopulmonary toxicity. However, limited human epidemiologic studies are available. This study analyzed the association between covariate-adjusted cardiovascular (CVD) mortality rates and zinc compound air releases in the United States.
Methods:
We conducted an ecological analysis on the association between zinc compound air releases for 1991-2000 using the Toxics Release Inventory database and average age-adjusted CVD mortality for 2006-2010, adjusting for race/ethnicity composition and several health and socioeconomic factors. Models were estimated for males and females and for metropolitan and nonmetropolitan counties.
Results:
Zinc compound air releases were positively associated with increased adjusted CVD mortality rates in all four models (β=0.0085, p<0.0001 for males in nonmetropolitan counties; β=0.0093, p<0.0001 for males in metropolitan counties; β=0.0145, p<0.0001 for females in nonmetropolitan counties; and β=0.0098, p<0.0001 for females in metropolitan counties). Results were largely robust to various sensitivity analyses.
Conclusion:
This study provides epidemiological evidence for possible CVD health impacts of inhaled zinc in the United States. Although the strongest effect was found for females in nonmetropolitan counties, the associations were consistent in nonmetropolitan or metropolitan counties for both genders.
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