Impact of immunosuppressive therapy on hepatitis B vaccination in inflammatory bowel diseases

The vaccination rate against hepatitis B virus (HBV) is low in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) patients. The Consensus from the European Crohn's and Colitis Organisation on opportunistic infections recommends testing all IBD patients for HBV at diagnosis and vaccinating all HBV-negative patients. We compared the efficacy of HBV vaccine between IBD patients and healthy controls and investigated the impact of immunosuppressive therapy on vaccine response in IBD patients.

IBD patients and healthy adult workers were vaccinated against HBV following a standard protocol (at 0, 1, and 6 months; Engerix B). The efficacy of vaccination was evaluated at 8 months by a titer of antibodies against hepatitis B surface antigen (anti-HBs).

Among 164 participants (96 with IBD and 68 healthy workers), the level of anti-HBs was greater than 10 IU/l in 80.2 and 94.1% (P=0.0115) of IBD patients and healthy controls, respectively, and anti-HBs levels greater than 100 IU/l were seen in 45.8 versus 77.9% (P<0.0001) of IBD patients and healthy controls, respectively. The median level of anti-HBs was significantly higher in healthy controls (497.0±386.2) than in IBD patients (253.9±34.5) (P<0.0001). None of the baseline characteristics of IBD patients, including immunomodulators and antitumor necrosis factor therapy, influenced the vaccine response. In the multivariate analysis, ileal disease was the only factor associated with a lower response to the vaccine (odds ratio=3.2; 95% confidence interval=1.0-9.7; P=0.049).

The response rate to HBV vaccination is significantly lower in IBD patients than in the general population. Immunosuppressive therapy for IBD did not influence the vaccine response.