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Dystrophic calcification and mineralization during bone induction: biochemical differences.

M E Nimni1, S Bernick, D C Ertl

  • 1Department of Biochemistry, University of Southern California School of Medicine, Los Angeles.

Connective Tissue Research
|January 1, 1989
PubMed
Summary
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Glutaraldehyde-crosslinked collagenous tissue implants calcify in young but not old rats. However, using demineralized bone matrix (DBM) chambers with embryonic cells successfully induced bone formation in older rats.

Area of Science:

  • Biomaterials Science
  • Tissue Engineering
  • Regenerative Medicine

Background:

  • Collagenous tissues are used as biomaterials for tissue regeneration.
  • Glutaraldehyde crosslinking is a common method to stabilize collagenous tissues.
  • Aging can affect the regenerative capacity of tissues and the host response to biomaterials.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the calcification and bone induction potential of glutaraldehyde-crosslinked collagenous tissues in young and old rats.
  • To compare the efficacy of crosslinked tissues with demineralized bone matrix (DBM) for bone formation.
  • To explore methods for enhancing bone formation in aged animals.

Main Methods:

  • Subcutaneous implantation of glutaraldehyde-crosslinked demineralized bone matrix (DBM), tendon, and cartilage in young and old Fischer 344 rats.

Related Experiment Videos

  • Assessment of calcification, alkaline phosphatase activity, and Bone Gla Protein (BGP) levels in implants.
  • Development of a DBM chamber system containing embryonic calvaria or muscle cells, implanted subcutaneously in aged rats.

    • Main Results:

    • Glutaraldehyde-crosslinked implants calcified in young rats but showed minimal calcification in old rats.
    • Implants in old rats accumulated only trace amounts of BGP, with low alkaline phosphatase activity.
    • DBM chambers containing embryonic cells successfully induced significant bone and/or cartilage formation in 26-month-old rats.

    Conclusions:

    • Glutaraldehyde crosslinking significantly impairs the calcification and bone induction capacity of collagenous tissues in aged rats.
    • Aging negatively impacts the host's ability to support bone formation from crosslinked biomaterials.
    • A DBM chamber system seeded with embryonic cells can overcome age-related deficits and promote robust bone regeneration in older animals.