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Related Concept Videos

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The cationic polymerization mechanism consists of three steps: initiation, propagation, and termination. In the initiation step of the polymerization process, the π bond of a monomer gets protonated by the Lewis acid catalyst, which is formed from boron trifluoride and water. The protonation of the π bond generates a carbocation stabilized by the electron‐donating group. In the propagation step, the π bond of the second monomer acts as a nucleophile and attacks the...
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The polymerization process that involves carbanion as an intermediate is called anionic polymerization. It is also a type of addition or chain-growth polymerization. Anionic polymerization gets initiated by a strong nucleophile such as an organolithium or a Grignard reagent. The most commonly used initiator for anionic polymerization is butyl lithium. Monomers involved in anionic polymerization must possess a vinyl group bonded to one or two electron-withdrawing groups. For instance,...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Apr 8, 2026

Morphology Control for Fully Printable Organic&#8211;Inorganic Bulk-heterojunction Solar Cells Based on a Ti-alkoxide and Semiconducting Polymer
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Hexacyclic lactam building blocks for highly efficient polymer solar cells.

Jiamin Cao1, Chuantian Zuo, Bin Du

  • 1National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing 100190, China. ding@nanoctr.cn xhqiu@nanoctr.cn.

Chemical Communications (Cambridge, England)
|July 1, 2015
PubMed
Summary

New selenophene-based donor-acceptor copolymers demonstrate improved performance in organic solar cells. These materials offer better packing and higher efficiencies, setting a new record for this class of materials.

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Area of Science:

  • Organic electronics
  • Materials science
  • Photovoltaics

Background:

  • Donor-acceptor (D-A) copolymers are crucial for organic solar cells.
  • Thiophene-based copolymers have been widely studied, but limitations exist.
  • Exploring alternative building blocks is essential for performance enhancement.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop novel hexacyclic lactam building blocks (TD1 and TD2).
  • To synthesize and characterize four new D-A copolymers incorporating these building blocks.
  • To investigate the impact of selenophene incorporation on copolymer properties and solar cell performance.

Main Methods:

  • Synthesis of TD1 and TD2 hexacyclic lactam building blocks.
  • Polymerization to create four D-A copolymers, including selenophene analogues (PSeTD1, PSeTD2).
  • Fabrication and characterization of inverted solar cells using PSeTD1/PSeTD2:PC71BM blends.

Main Results:

  • Selenophene analogues (PSeTD1, PSeTD2) exhibit medium optical bandgaps and improved molecular packing compared to thiophene counterparts.
  • Higher hole mobilities, enhanced external quantum efficiency (EQE), and increased short-circuit current density (Jsc) were observed in selenophene copolymers.
  • Inverted solar cells based on PSeTD2:PC71BM achieved a power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 8.18%.

Conclusions:

  • The developed selenophene-based D-A copolymers represent a significant advancement in organic solar cell materials.
  • These materials demonstrate superior optoelectronic properties and device performance.
  • The achieved 8.18% PCE is a record for D-A copolymers utilizing selenophene as a donor unit, highlighting their potential.