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Related Concept Videos

Competition02:34

Competition

When organisms require the same limited resources within an environment, they may have to compete for them. Competition is a net-negative interaction. Even if two competing individuals or populations do not interact directly, the overall fitness of both competitors is lowered as a result of not having full access to the limited resource.Intraspecific competition, which occurs between individuals of the same species, serves as a natural mechanism for regulating population size. Too much...
Mixing Time01:19

Mixing Time

The concept of mixing time is significant in producing a uniform concrete mix with the required strength. The mixing period starts once all components are in the mixer. Initially, the mixer is charged with 10% of the water, followed by the consistent addition of solids and then 80% of the water. The remaining water is added later, within the first quarter of the mixing period. The minimum mixing time varies according to the mixer's capacity; for example, mixers with up to 1 cubic yard capacity...
Punishment01:27

Punishment

Negative reinforcement and punishment are often confused but serve distinct functions in behavior modification. Reinforcement, whether positive or negative, increases the likelihood of a desired behavior, while punishment decreases it.
Punishment can be positive or negative. Positive punishment involves adding an undesirable stimulus, such as scolding, to decrease a behavior. Negative punishment involves removing a desirable stimulus, such as taking away a favorite toy, to decrease behavior.
Conditioned Taste Aversion01:14

Conditioned Taste Aversion

Conditioned taste aversion, also known as sauce béarnaise syndrome, is a phenomenon in which an individual develops an aversion to a certain food taste following a negative experience, typically illness. This form of aversion is a type of classical conditioning in which the taste of the food (conditioned stimulus, CS) is associated with the experience of illness (unconditioned stimulus, UCS).
A notable characteristic of conditioned taste aversion is that it often requires only a single exposure...
Impression Management Techniques II: Ingratiation01:29

Impression Management Techniques II: Ingratiation

Ingratiation refers to deliberate behaviors aimed at increasing one’s attractiveness or likability to a target person, often for strategic interpersonal or social gain. This set of impression management tactics is especially prevalent in hierarchical contexts, where influencing someone with greater power or authority can yield significant benefits. Several distinct ingratiation strategies have been identified, each leveraging psychological cues to foster favor and affiliation.Opinion...
First Impression01:09

First Impression

First impressions play a crucial role in social perception, shaping how individuals assess others in professional, academic, and interpersonal contexts. Psychological research highlights the significance of cognitive biases, such as the primacy and recency effects, which influence how people interpret and recall information.The Primacy Effect and Cognitive AnchoringThe primacy effect describes the tendency for initial information to impact judgment disproportionately. When individuals encounter...

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Progressive-ratio Responding for Palatable High-fat and High-sugar Food in Mice
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'Pitted' to 'Pleasing' in 20 min.

Soumya Sinha1, Kirankumar Sudulakunta Vorse1, Pratik B Kariya1

  • 1Department of Pedodontics and Preventive Dentistry, K.M. Shah Dental College and Hospital, Sumandeep Vidyapeeth, Vadodara, Gujarat, India.

BMJ Case Reports
|July 1, 2015
PubMed
Summary

Severe dental fluorosis is increasingly common due to water fluoridation. Enamel microabrasion using a phosphoric acid and pumice mixture effectively treated a patient with severe fluorosis.

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Area of Science:

  • Dentistry
  • Dental Aesthetics
  • Preventive Dentistry

Background:

  • Increased prevalence of dental fluorosis linked to widespread water fluoridation.
  • Dental fluorosis presents aesthetic challenges, necessitating effective treatment options.

Observation:

  • A clinical report detailing the treatment of severe dental fluorosis.
  • Utilized enamel microabrasion with a 37% phosphoric acid and pumice mixture.

Findings:

  • The enamel microabrasion procedure yielded pleasing aesthetic results.
  • Demonstrated the efficacy of 37% phosphoric acid in treating fluorosis stains.

Implications:

  • 37% phosphoric acid is a safe and accessible agent for enamel microabrasion.
  • Offers a viable treatment for patients experiencing severe dental fluorosis.