Related Experiment Video
Updated: Apr 8, 2026
06:55
Kinematic History of a Salient-recess Junction Explored through a Combined Approach of Field Data and Analog Sandbox Modeling
Published on: August 5, 2016
8.6K
Variable Holocene deformation above a shallow subduction zone extremely close to the trench
Kaustubh Thirumalai1,2, Frederick W Taylor1, Chuan-Chou Shen3
1Institute for Geophysics, Jackson School of Geosciences, University of Texas at Austin, J. J. Pickle Research Campus, Building 196, 10100 Burnet Road (R2200), Austin, Texas 78758, USA.
Nature Communications
|July 1, 2015
Summary
Vertical crustal motion records reveal heterogeneous uplift histories near convergent margins. This variability impacts hazard assessment and understanding of megathrust earthquake processes.
Area of Science:
- Geophysics
- Tectonics
- Paleoseismology
Background:
- Convergent margins exhibit vertical crustal motions crucial for understanding interplate slip and permanent deformation.
- Past abrupt vertical motions serve as proxies for tsunamigenic earthquakes, aiding hazard assessment.
- Holocene vertical deformation records are essential for linking past earthquakes to tectonic activity.
Purpose of the Study:
- To reconstruct the uplift event history in the western Solomon Islands, close to a trench.
- To investigate the relationship between past earthquakes and Holocene vertical deformation.
- To analyze spatiotemporal heterogeneity in vertical crustal motion.
Main Methods:
- Measuring elevations of in situ corals.
- Determining (230)Th ages of corals.
- Constructing an uplift event history.
Main Results:
- Identified marked spatiotemporal heterogeneity in uplift from mid-Holocene to the present.
- Observed variations in permanent uplift accumulation across different areas.
- Data collected from corals near the trench (4-40 km depth).
Conclusions:
- Uplift from megathrust events may be retained in some locations but removed in others before subsequent ruptures.
- Variability in uplift suggests significant changes in strain accumulation and interplate thrust processes between events.
- Findings enhance understanding of earthquake cycles and deformation at convergent margins.
More Related Videos
Related Concept Videos
01:12Temperature Dependent Deformation
664
In a nonhomogeneous rod made up of steel and brass, restrained at both ends and subjected to a temperature change, several steps are involved in calculating the stress and compressive load. Due to the problem's static indeterminacy, one end support is disconnected, allowing the rod to experience the temperature change freely. Next, an unknown force is applied at the free end, triggering deformations in the rod's steel and brass portions. These deformations are then calculated and added...
664
01:11Deformation of Member under Multiple Loadings
625
When a rod is made of different materials or has various cross-sections, it must be divided into parts that meet the necessary conditions for determining the deformation. These parts are each characterized by their internal force, cross-sectional area, length, and modulus of elasticity. These parameters are then used to compute the deformation of the entire rod.
In the case of a member with a variable cross-section, the strain is not constant but depends on the position. The deformation of an...
In the case of a member with a variable cross-section, the strain is not constant but depends on the position. The deformation of an...
625
01:18Deformations in a Symmetric Member in Bending
662
When analyzing the deformation of a symmetric prismatic member subjected to bending by equal and opposite couples, it becomes clear that as the member bends, the originally straight lines on its wider faces curve into circular arcs, with a constant radius centered at a point known as Point C. This phenomenon helps to understand the stress and strain distribution within the member more clearly.
When the member is segmented into tiny cubic elements, it is observed that the primary stress...
When the member is segmented into tiny cubic elements, it is observed that the primary stress...
662
01:21Deformations in a Transverse Cross Section
740
When a material is subjected to uniaxial stress, it elongates or contracts in the direction of the applied force, and also undergoes changes in the perpendicular directions. This behavior is crucial for understanding how materials behave under stress and is governed by mechanical properties such as Poisson's ratio v, which measures the ratio of transverse strain to axial strain.
As the material stretches, it expands or contracts in orthogonal directions to the load. This phenomenon varies...
As the material stretches, it expands or contracts in orthogonal directions to the load. This phenomenon varies...
740
01:20Elastic Strain Energy for Shearing Stresses
625
As discussed in previous lessons, strain energy in a material is the energy stored when it is elastically deformed, a concept crucial in materials science and mechanical engineering. This energy results from the internal work done against the cohesive forces within the material. When a material undergoes shearing stress and corresponding shearing strain, the strain energy density, which is the energy stored per unit volume, is calculated. Within the elastic limit, where the stress is...
625
01:10Deformation in a Circular Shaft
1.1K
One of the distinctive characteristics of circular shafts is their ability to maintain their cross-sectional integrity under torsion. In other words, each cross-section continues to exist as a flat, unaltered entity, simply rotating like a solid, rigid slab. To understand the distribution of shearing stress within such a shaft, consider a cylindrical section inside this circular shaft. This section has a length of L and a radius of R, with one end fixed. The radius of the cylindrical section is...
1.1K