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Brain Imaging

Brain Imaging

Brain imaging technologies provide critical insights into both the structure and function of the human brain, enabling medical professionals and researchers to diagnose, study, and treat neurological disorders or psychiatric disorders more effectively.
These technologies include computerized axial tomography (CAT or CT scans), positron-emission tomography (PET scans), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), and Transcranial Magnetic...

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A Method for Investigating Age-related Differences in the Functional Connectivity of Cognitive Control Networks Associated with Dimensional Change Card Sort Performance

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Tracking ongoing cognition in individuals using brief, whole-brain functional connectivity patterns.

Javier Gonzalez-Castillo¹, Colin W Hoy², Daniel A Handwerker³

¹Section on Functional Imaging Methods, Laboratory of Brain and Cognition, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892; javier.gonzalez-castillo@nih.gov.

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

|July 1, 2015

Summary

This study shows that dynamic functional connectivity (FC) states in brain activity, measured with fMRI, can accurately track cognitive processes in individuals. These whole-brain patterns are key to understanding brain function during tasks.

Keywords:

classification cognitive states connectivity dynamics fMRI functional connectivity states

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Concurrent EEG and Functional MRI Recording and Integration Analysis for Dynamic Cortical Activity Imaging

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Published on: June 30, 2018

Area of Science:

Neuroscience
Cognitive Science
Functional Neuroimaging

Background:

Functional connectivity (FC) in functional MRI (fMRI) shows dynamic changes over seconds.
Recurring whole-brain FC configurations (FC states) have been observed.
Previous research links localized FC changes to cognition.

Purpose of the Study:

To test if whole-brain FC states reflect global cognitive processing dynamics.
To investigate the temporal scale of FC states relevant to cognition.

Main Methods:

Subjects underwent continuous fMRI scanning during task-based mental state transitions.
FC states were computed using short time windows (as brief as 22.5 seconds).
The ability of FC states to track cognition in single subjects was assessed.

Main Results:

FC states accurately tracked cognitive states in individual subjects.
Tracking accuracy decreased with lower task performance.
Spatial restriction of FC information reduced accuracy at short time scales.

Conclusions:

Whole-brain FC states are sensitive markers of cognitive processing on a second-by-second basis.
The distributed nature of these dynamics is crucial for cognitive tracking.
fMRI FC states offer valuable insights into the neural basis of cognition.