Evidence-Based Medicine in Otolaryngology, Part 5: Patient Decision Aids

Modern medical decision making is a complex task requiring collaboration between patients and physicians. Related clinical evidence may delineate a clearly favorable path, but in other instances, uncertainty remains. Even in these circumstances, however, there are techniques that optimize decision making by blending existing evidence with individual patient values in the context of physician counseling. This installment of "Evidence-Based Medicine in Otolaryngology" focuses on the crucial issue of how practitioners may approach clinical situations where the data do not delineate a single irrefutable path. We describe decision aids-tools that can educate patients about data related to complex clinical decisions. We review their definition, quality standards, patient interface, benefits, and limitations. We also discuss the related concept of option grids and the role of decision aids in evidence-based practice.