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Related Concept Videos

Heart Failure II: Pathophysiology01:29

Heart Failure II: Pathophysiology

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Systolic Heart Failure and Compensatory MechanismsSystolic heart failure (also termed HFrEF, Heart Failure with Reduced Ejection Fraction) is the most prevalent type of heart filure. It results in a decreased volume of blood being pumped from the ventricle. The aortic arch and carotid sinuses have baroreceptors that detect reduced blood pressure, triggering the sympathetic nervous system (SNS) to release epinephrine and norepinephrine. Initially, this response aims to boost heart rate and...
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Heart failure (HF) is a progressive syndrome involving ventricles that leads to inadequate cardiac output. It can be classified based on location and output or ejection fraction. Ejection fraction (EF) is an essential measurement in the diagnosis and surveillance of HF. Reduced EF corresponds to systolic heart failure (HFrEF). However, HF with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) is becoming increasingly prevalent. Also known as diastolic HF, this form of HF is related to aging. The...
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Heart Failure V: Medical Management01:30

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Medical Management of Acute Decompensated Heart Failure (ADHF)The primary goals of therapy for patients hospitalized with acute decompensated heart failure (ADHF) include:Relieving symptomsOptimizing volume statusSupporting oxygenation and ventilationMaintaining cardiac output (CO) and end-organ perfusionIdentifying and addressing the cause of ADHFPreventing complicationsProviding patient education on factors precipitating HF exacerbationPlanning for dischargeOngoing monitoring and assessment...
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Mitral Valve Stenosis (MVS) is a heart condition where the mitral valve narrows, impeding blood circulation from the left atrium to the left ventricle. The etiology and pathophysiology of this condition are multifaceted, leading to a cascade of cardiovascular complications.Causes of Mitral Valve StenosisRheumatic Heart Disease: It is the main cause of mitral valve stenosis, particularly in developing nations. This condition arises from rheumatic fever, an inflammatory illness resulting from...
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Additional therapies for treating patients with heart failure (HF) may include procedural interventions, supplemental oxygen, the management of sleep disorders, and nutritional therapy.Procedural InterventionsImplantable Cardioverter-Defibrillator: For patients at risk of life-threatening arrhythmias due to severe left ventricular dysfunction, an Implantable Cardioverter-Defibrillator (ICD) can detect and terminate these arrhythmias, preventing sudden cardiac death and improving survival rates.
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Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

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Analytical Expression for the Dependence of Ejection Fraction on End-systolic or End-diastolic Volume.

Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society. IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society. Annual International Conference·2025
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Left Ventricle-Arterial System Interaction in Heart Failure.

John K-J Li1, Glen Atlas2

  • 1Department of Biomedical Engineering, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ, USA. ; College of Biomedical Engineering and Instrument Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.

Clinical Medicine Insights. Cardiology
|July 1, 2015
PubMed
Summary

Ejection fraction (EF) is insufficient for diagnosing heart failure (HF). Analyzing the interaction between the left ventricle (LV) and arterial system (AS) offers a more comprehensive understanding of HF, particularly in patients with preserved or reduced EF.

Keywords:
arterial compliancecardiac contractilitycoupling coefficientelastancemuscle shorteningvascular stiffness

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Area of Science:

  • Cardiology
  • Biomedical Engineering
  • Physiology

Background:

  • Ejection fraction (EF) is a key index for left ventricular (LV) contractile state.
  • EF is often inadequate for heart failure (HF) diagnosis and management, distinguishing between HFrEF and HFpEF.
  • LV function depends on preload, afterload, and intrinsic contractility, while stroke volume (SV) is influenced by the arterial system (AS).

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the crucial role of the LV-arterial system (AS) interaction in heart failure (HF).
  • To analyze specific parameters quantifying the coupling between the LV and AS.
  • To identify the most appropriate parameters for assessing LV-AS interaction in HF.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of LV contractility and systolic/diastolic indices.
  • Investigation of AS afterload parameters, including vascular stiffness and arterial compliance.
  • Calculation of the LV-AS coupling coefficient.

Main Results:

  • The study examined parameters reflecting LV contractility and AS properties.
  • LV-AS coupling coefficients were derived from vascular stiffness and arterial compliance.
  • Parameters linked to LV structural changes were found most relevant.

Conclusions:

  • The LV-AS interaction is critical in heart failure management.
  • Parameters related to LV structural changes are most suitable for quantifying LV-AS coupling.
  • A comprehensive assessment of HF requires evaluating the interplay between the left ventricle and the arterial system.