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T Cell Types and Functions

T Cell Types and Functions

When T cells with CD4 markers are activated, they give rise to two types of effector cells: helper T cells and regulatory T cells. Meanwhile, T cells with CD8 markers differentiate into effector cytotoxic T cells. The differentiation of CD4 T cells into helper T cell subsets, such as Th1, Th2, and Th17 cells, is dependent on the antigen type, antigen-presenting cell, and regulatory cytokines.
Th1 cells stimulate dendritic cells to express necessary co-stimulatory molecules on their surfaces for...

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Analysis of Lymphocyte Extravasation Using an In Vitro Model of the Human Blood-brain Barrier

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Expanded CD8 T-cell sharing between periphery and CNS in multiple sclerosis.

Marion Salou¹, Alexandra Garcia², Laure Michel³

¹INSERM, UMR 1064 Nantes, F-44093, France ; Medicine Department, Nantes University Nantes, F-44035, France.

Annals of Clinical and Translational Neurology

|July 1, 2015

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

In multiple sclerosis (MS), CD8(+) T cells in the blood, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), and central nervous system (CNS) show shared clonal expansions. These aggressive CD8(+) T cells can be identified in blood and CSF, indicating their role in MS.

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Area of Science:

Immunology
Neuroscience
T-cell biology

Background:

Multiple sclerosis (MS) involves T-cell responses in the central nervous system (CNS), cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), and blood.
CD8(+) T-cell clonal expansions are present in these compartments, but their relationship is not fully understood.

Purpose of the Study:

To determine if CD8(+) T-cell clones are shared across blood, CSF, and CNS in MS patients.
To characterize the phenotype of clonally expanded CD8(+) T cells in the blood and CNS.

Main Methods:

T-cell receptor (TCR) Vβ repertoire analysis using CDR3 spectratyping and high-throughput sequencing on paired blood, CSF, and CNS samples from MS patients.
Fluorescent staining to characterize CD8(+) T cells from blood and CNS.

Main Results:

Significant sharing of predominant T-cell clones was observed between CNS lesions, CSF, and blood CD8(+) T cells.
Oligoclonal CD8(+) T cells in MS blood exhibited a memory phenotype with increased CCR5, CD11a, and Granzyme B (GZM-B) expression.
CNS-infiltrating T cells were predominantly CD8(+) and expressed CD11a and GZM-B.

Conclusions:

CD8(+) T cells play a major role in MS pathophysiology.
Potentially pathogenic CD8(+) T cells can be identified and characterized in accessible blood and CSF samples from MS patients.