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Related Concept Videos

Color Vision01:24

Color Vision

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Color perception begins in the retina, the light-sensitive layer at the back of the eye. Two main theories explain how colors are seen: the trichromatic theory and the opponent-process theory. The trichromatic theory, proposed by Thomas Young in 1802 and extended by Hermann von Helmholtz in 1852, suggests that color vision is based on three types of cone receptors in the retina. These cones are sensitive to different but overlapping ranges of wavelengths corresponding to red, blue, and green.
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The first thing a clinician sees is the skin, so the examination of the skin should be part of any thorough physical examination. Most skin disorders are relatively benign, but a few, including melanomas, can be fatal if untreated. A couple of the more noticeable disorders, albinism and vitiligo, affect the appearance of the skin and its accessory organs.
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Certain organic substances change color in dilute solution when the hydronium ion concentration reaches a particular value. For example, phenolphthalein is a colorless substance in any aqueous solution with a hydronium ion concentration greater than 5.0 × 10−9 M (pH < 8.3). In more basic solutions where the hydronium ion concentration is less than 5.0 × 10−9 M (pH > 8.3), it is red or pink. Substances such as phenolphthalein, which can be used to determine the pH of a solution, are...
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At the molecular level, visual signals trigger transformations in photopigment molecules, resulting in changes in the photoreceptor cell's membrane potential. The photon's energy level is denoted by its wavelength, with each specific wavelength of visible light associated with a distinct color. The spectral range of visible light, classified as electromagnetic radiation, spans from 380 to 720 nm. Electromagnetic radiation wavelengths exceeding 720 nm fall under the infrared category,...
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Visualizing Visual Adaptation
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"It's What Color?".

Joshua Banting, Tony Meriano

    Journal of Special Operations Medicine : a Peer Reviewed Journal for SOF Medical Professionals
    |July 1, 2015
    PubMed
    Summary

    This series enhances clinical knowledge for Special Operations Forces (SOF) and tactical emergency medical support (TEMS) providers by reviewing conditions, management, and dispelling myths through real-world case studies.

    Area of Science:

    • Military Medicine
    • Tactical Emergency Medicine
    • Special Operations Forces (SOF) Medical Support

    Background:

    • Clinical knowledge and management principles require continuous enhancement.
    • Special Operations Forces (SOF) and tactical emergency medical support (TEMS) environments present unique medical challenges.
    • Disseminating the latest evidence and addressing common myths is crucial for effective medical care.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To review clinical conditions and presentations relevant to SOF and TEMS.
    • To provide the latest evidence-based management strategies.
    • To enhance core knowledge and management principles for tactical medical providers.

    Main Methods:

    • Presentation of real-life clinical cases adapted to SOF/TEMS contexts.

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  • Detailed case scenarios allowing readers to apply management principles based on experience and environment.
  • Inclusion of commentary from active-duty military medical technicians with SOF experience.

    • Main Results:

    • Enhanced understanding of clinical concepts pertinent to operational environments.
    • Improved ability to manage diverse medical cases in tactical settings.
    • Dissemination of practical insights from experienced military medical professionals.

    Conclusions:

    • The series effectively bridges the gap between theoretical knowledge and practical application in SOF and TEMS.
    • Real-world case-based learning with expert commentary improves tactical medical readiness.
    • Continuous review of evidence and myth-busting are vital for advancing military medical care.