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Related Concept Videos

Skin Cancer01:30

Skin Cancer

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Skin cancer is a type of cancer that occurs when there is an abnormal growth of skin cells, usually triggered by damage to the DNA within the skin cells. It is primarily caused by exposure to ultraviolet (UV) radiation from the sun or artificial sources like tanning beds. Skin cancer is the most common type of cancer worldwide, and its incidence continues to rise.
Basal Cell Carcinoma (BCC): BCC is the most common type of skin cancer, accounting for about 80% of cases. It typically develops in...
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Cells of the Epidermis01:24

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The epidermis is made of four or five layers of epithelial cells, depending on its location in the body. From deep to superficial, these layers are the stratum basale, stratum spinosum, stratum granulosum, stratum lucidum, and stratum corneum.
The cells in all these layers except the stratum basale are called keratinocytes, a type of cell that manufactures and stores the protein keratin. The keratinocytes in the stratum corneum are dead and regularly slough away, being replaced by cells from...
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Renewal of Skin Epidermal Stem Cells01:12

Renewal of Skin Epidermal Stem Cells

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The skin is divided into epidermis, dermis, and hypodermis, the skin's outermost, middle, and inner layers. The human epidermal layer regularly undergoes renewal, where old, dead cells are replaced by new cells. Epidermal stem cells or EpiSCs divide and differentiate to restore the lost cells. For the renewal process, some EpiSCs continuously self-renew. In contrast, few others differentiate into transit-amplifying cells, which later form prickle or spinous cells, followed by granular...
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Pigmentation01:19

Pigmentation

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The color of the skin is influenced by a number of pigments, including melanin, carotene, and hemoglobin. Recall that melanin is produced by cells called melanocytes, which are found scattered throughout the stratum basale of the epidermis. The melanin is transferred to the keratinocytes via melanosomes.
Melanin occurs in two primary forms: eumelanin that provides black and brown pigment and pheomelanin that provides red color. Dark-skinned individuals produce more melanin than those with pale...
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Acne Infection01:27

Acne Infection

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Acne is a multifactorial skin condition primarily affecting adolescents and young adults, with a global prevalence estimated to exceed 75% in this demographic. The condition is characterized by the formation of comedones (blackheads and whiteheads), papules, pustules, nodules, and, in severe cases, cysts, particularly in areas rich in sebaceous glands such as the face, neck, chest, and back. The pathogenesis involves increased sebum production, follicular hyperkeratinization, colonization by...
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Layers of the Epidermis01:21

Layers of the Epidermis

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The epidermis, the outermost layer of the skin, is composed of several distinct layers. From deep to superficial, the layers of the epidermis are as follows:
Stratum Basale
Stratum basale, also known as the stratum germinativum, is the deepest layer of the epidermis. It is composed of a single layer of actively dividing cells called basal cells or basal keratinocytes. These cells constantly undergo cell division to replenish the upper layers of the epidermis. Additionally, melanocytes, which...
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Updated: Apr 8, 2026

Author Spotlight: Anterior HR-OCT as a Non-Invasive Tool for Characterizing Ocular Surface Squamous Neoplasia
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Author Spotlight: Anterior HR-OCT as a Non-Invasive Tool for Characterizing Ocular Surface Squamous Neoplasia

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[Actinic Keratosis].

D Dejaco1, U Hauser2, B Zelger2

  • 1Klinik für Hals-, Nasen- und Ohrenheilkunde, Medizinische Universität Innsbruck.

Laryngo- Rhino- Otologie
|July 1, 2015
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Actinic keratosis (AK), a precancerous skin lesion from UV exposure, requires treatment to prevent squamous cell carcinoma. Various topical therapies, including cryotherapy and medications like 5-fluorouracil, are effective for managing AKs.

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Generation and Culturing of Primary Human Keratinocytes from Adult Skin
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Generation and Culturing of Primary Human Keratinocytes from Adult Skin
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Area of Science:

  • Dermatology
  • Oncology

Background:

  • Actinic keratosis (AK) is a common, precancerous skin lesion resulting from chronic ultraviolet radiation exposure.
  • AKs represent intraepidermal squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) and have the potential to progress to invasive SCC.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To provide a comprehensive overview of actinic keratosis diagnosis and treatment options.
  • To emphasize the importance of therapeutic intervention for AKs due to their malignant potential.

Main Methods:

  • Diagnosis relies on clinical examination, palpation, and dermoscopy; biopsy with histopathologic evaluation is used for uncertain cases.
  • Treatment strategies encompass topical physical (cryotherapy), medical (5-fluorouracil, Imiquimod, Ingenol mebutate), and combined physical-chemical (photodynamic therapy) approaches.
  • Management is tailored to lesion type (classic, hypertrophic) and number (isolated, multiple).

Main Results:

  • Topical cryotherapy is effective for isolated, non-hypertrophic AKs.
  • Topical medications are suitable for multiple, non-hypertrophic AKs.
  • Combined therapies like photodynamic therapy are established for both non-hypertrophic and hypertrophic AKs.

Conclusions:

  • Early recognition and therapeutic intervention for AKs are crucial to prevent progression to invasive squamous cell carcinoma.
  • A range of treatment modalities, from cryotherapy to topical medications and PDT, are available and effective.
  • Prevention through sun avoidance and high-SPF sunscreen, alongside regular checkups, is vital.