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    Area of Science:

    • Optical Communications
    • Wireless Communication Systems
    • Information Theory

    Background:

    • Atmospheric optical links face performance degradation due to turbulence-induced irradiance fluctuations.
    • Rate-adaptive channel coding is crucial for maintaining reliable communication in such dynamic environments.
    • Existing models may not fully capture performance under diverse turbulence regimes.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To derive general closed-form expressions for the average bit error rate (BER) in atmospheric optical links.
    • To enable performance evaluation of various channel coding schemes under different turbulence strengths.
    • To provide a unified framework for analyzing adaptive coding in free-space optical communication.

    Main Methods:

    • Utilizing the Málaga (M) distribution to model atmospheric turbulence effects.
    • Developing closed-form expressions for BER applicable to multiple coding schemes.
    • Employing a hyper-exponential fitting technique for conditional BER analysis.
    • Validating the derived expressions through Monte-Carlo simulations.

    Main Results:

    • General closed-form expressions for average BER were successfully derived.
    • The expressions accurately predict link performance across all turbulence strengths.
    • The Málaga distribution effectively characterizes irradiance fluctuations.
    • Validated performance evaluation for schemes like OOK-GSc, OOK-GScc, HHH(1,13), and vw-MPPM.

    Conclusions:

    • The derived expressions offer a powerful tool for designing and optimizing atmospheric optical communication systems.
    • Accurate BER prediction is now possible for adaptive coding under varying atmospheric conditions.
    • This work advances the understanding and practical implementation of robust free-space optical links.