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Related Concept Videos

Muscles of the Pelvic Floor and Perineum01:26

Muscles of the Pelvic Floor and Perineum

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The muscles of the pelvic floor and perineum are crucial for supporting the pelvic organs, controlling continence, and aiding in sexual function, childbirth, and core stability. They are typically divided into the superficial perineal layer and the deep pelvic floor layer.
Perineal Layer
The perineum is a diamond-shaped area below the pelvic diaphragm, divided into an anterior urogenital triangle that contains the external genitals and a posterior anal triangle housing the anus. The urogenital...
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Urinary Bladder01:23

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The urinary bladder is a hollow, muscular sac that temporarily stores urine before it is expelled from the body. It can hold approximately 600 mL of urine prior to micturition. The bladder is retroperitoneal and located behind the pubic symphysis in the pelvic floor.
In males, the bladder is situated in front of the rectum, while in females, it is positioned anterior to the vagina and uterus. The bladder floor contains an inverted triangular area called the trigone, defined by the two ureteric...
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Gastrointestinal or GI motility disorders are characterized by irregular gastrointestinal tract movements, disrupting food transit from the mouth to the anus. They are caused by damage or dysfunction in gut muscles or nerves. These disorders can cause symptoms such as severe constipation, diarrhea, abdominal pain, and swallowing difficulties. Disorders can affect any segment of the GI tract and range widely in severity, from common conditions like GERD to life-threatening conditions like...
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Muscles of the Abdomen01:21

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The abdominal wall encircles the abdominal cavity, providing flexible protection and shielding the internal organs from harm. It is bordered at the top by the xiphoid process and costal margins, at the back by the vertebral column, and at the bottom by the pelvic bones and inguinal ligament. The abdominal wall is divided into two regions — the anterolateral and posterior regions.
Anterolateral Region
The anterolateral region comprises five paired muscles classified into the lateral and...
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Anatomy of the Genitourinary System II: Bladder and Urethra01:19

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The lower urinary system consists of the urinary bladder and urethra, which are essential in storing and expelling urine from the body. Together with the internal and external sphincters, these structures work together to regulate urination effectively.Anatomy of the BladderThe urinary bladder is a muscular, stretchable organ behind the pubic bone and in front of the rectum. In females, the bladder is positioned anterior to the vagina and inferior to the uterus, while in males, it is located...
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Disorders of the Urinary System01:20

Disorders of the Urinary System

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The urinary system is responsible for eliminating waste and excess fluids from the body. However, disorders of the urinary system can arise due to various reasons like infections, stress, age, congenital abnormalities, and lifestyle.
Urinary tract infections (UTIs) are one of the most common urinary system disorders. They are caused by bacteria that enter the urethra and can spread to the bladder resulting in cystitis. Pyelonephritis is the result of a UTI that has ascended to the level of the...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Apr 8, 2026

Quantification of Levator Ani Hiatus Enlargement by Magnetic Resonance Imaging in Males and Females with Pelvic Organ Prolapse
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"How-To" Guide to Pelvic Floor Muscle Dysfunction.

Katie B Albrecht1

  • 1Department of Rehab and Wellness, Mary Greeley Medical Center, Ames, Iowa.

Clinical Obstetrics and Gynecology
|July 1, 2015
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This guide helps Ob/Gyns diagnose pelvic floor muscle dysfunction in women with vulvar pain. It offers treatment strategies and explains the science behind managing pelvic floor pain.

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Area of Science:

  • Urogynecology
  • Pelvic Floor Physical Therapy

Background:

  • Vulvar symptoms can indicate underlying pelvic floor muscle dysfunction.
  • Accurate diagnosis is crucial for effective pain management.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To guide Ob/Gyns in recognizing pelvic floor muscle dysfunction.
  • To provide treatment algorithms for pelvic floor pain.
  • To explain the scientific basis for treatment decisions.

Main Methods:

  • Clinical assessment of pelvic floor muscles.
  • Review of current treatment protocols.
  • Evidence-based guideline development.

Main Results:

  • Identification of key diagnostic indicators for pelvic floor dysfunction.
  • Structured approach to treatment selection.
  • Emphasis on the link between dysfunction and vulvar symptoms.

Conclusions:

  • Clinicians can effectively manage pelvic floor pain with proper diagnostic skills.
  • A systematic approach improves patient outcomes for vulvar pain.
  • Understanding the pathophysiology aids in tailored treatment plans.