Developmental changes in protein composition and the actin-binding protein ponticulin in Dictyostelium discoideum...

We have used a new combination of previously-described methods to obtain a 29-fold purification of plasma membranes from Dictyostelium discoideum. In this procedure, the pellet from a cell lysate is centrifuged through a high-pH sucrose gradient and then through a Renografin gradient. Electron microscopy shows that the resultant "Renografin membranes" are essentially homogeneous. As measured by enzymatic marker assays, contamination with mitochondria, lysosomes, and endoplasmic reticulum is minimal. As assayed by sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE), the protein composition of Renografin membranes is similar to that of highly purified membranes isolated using concanavalin A stabilization and detergent extraction. Using Renografin membranes, we have examined developmental changes in the membrane protein composition. In agreement with previous investigations, we observe major changes in lectin-binding glycoproteins and cell-surface-labeled proteins during the first 18 h of D. discoideum development. In contrast to most previous work, which may have employed plasma membranes of lesser purity, we also observe major changes in silver-stained membrane proteins. We conclude that many developmentally regulated proteins, previously thought to be minor membrane constituents, are a larger proportion of the plasma membrane than originally believed. The observed changes in membrane protein composition may correlate with changes in plasma membrane functions during development. For instance, ponticulin, the major salt-sensitive F-actin-binding protein in plasma membranes from vegetative cells, increases at least twofold in plasma membranes during early development when the cells are chemotaxing into large aggregates. The amount of plasma membrane ponticulin then decreases during the pseudoplasmodial stage.