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Related Experiment Video

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Isolation, Characterization and Comparative Differentiation of Human Dental Pulp Stem Cells Derived from Permanent Teeth by Using Two Different Methods
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External Dentin Stimulation Induces ATP Release in Human Teeth.

X Liu1, C Wang2, T Fujita3

  • 1Division of General Dentistry, Eastman Institute for Oral Health, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, NY, USA xiuxin_liu@urmc.rochester.edu.

Journal of Dental Research
|July 2, 2015
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) signaling is implicated in dental pain. This study found pannexin channels in human dental pulp release ATP upon stimulation, suggesting a role in dentin hypersensitivity.

Keywords:
NTPDasesdental pulpdentin sensitivityodontoblastspainpannexins

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Dental Research
  • Cell Biology

Background:

  • Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) plays a role in sensory processing, including pain.
  • ATP signaling may contribute to dentin hypersensitivity and dental pain.
  • Pannexins are proteins forming channels that can allow ATP passage.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the presence and function of pannexins in human dental pulp.
  • To assess ecto-ATPase activity for extracellular ATP breakdown.
  • To determine if ATP is released from dental pulp upon stimulation and if pannexins mediate this release.

Main Methods:

  • Immunofluorescence staining for pannexin 1 and 2.
  • Enzymatic histochemistry for ecto-ATPase activity.
  • ATP bioluminescence assay in an in vitro human tooth perfusion model.
  • Assessment of ATP release with and without pannexin/gap junction channel blockers (probenecid, carbenoxolone).

Main Results:

  • Pannexin 1 and 2 were detected in odontoblasts and their processes.
  • Functional ecto-ATPase activity was observed in various dental pulp tissues.
  • Mechanical or cold stimulation of dentin induced ATP release.
  • Blockade of pannexin/gap junction channels significantly reduced stimulation-induced ATP release.

Conclusions:

  • Human dental pulp possesses the necessary components for ATP release and degradation.
  • Pannexin channels are involved in the release of ATP from dental pulp in response to external stimuli.
  • These findings support a role for ATP signaling via pannexin channels in dentin hypersensitivity and dental pain.