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Related Concept Videos

Telomeres and Telomerase02:41

Telomeres and Telomerase

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In eukaryotic DNA replication, a single-stranded DNA fragment remains at the end of a chromosome after the removal of the final primer. This section of DNA cannot be replicated in the same manner as the rest of the strand because there is no 3’ end to which the newly synthesized DNA can attach. This non-replicated fragment results in gradual loss of the chromosomal DNA during each cell duplication. Additionally, it can induce a DNA damage response by enzymes that recognize single-stranded...
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Replicative Cell Senescence02:15

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Replicative cell senescence is a property of cells that allows them to divide a finite number of times throughout the organism's lifespan while preventing excessive proliferation. Replicative senescence is associated with the gradual loss of the telomere — short, repetitive DNA sequences found at the end of the chromosomes. Telomeres are bound by a group of proteins to form a protective cap on the ends of chromosomes. Embryonic stem cells express telomerase — an enzyme that adds...
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Microorganisms in Medicine and Therapeutics01:29

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Microorganisms play a fundamental role in vaccine development, gene therapy, and therapeutic production. Their biological properties are harnessed to advance medicine and public health. Beyond immunization, microorganisms contribute to gut health, antibiotic synthesis, and genetic disease treatment.Live Attenuated and Inactivated VaccinesLive attenuated vaccines, such as the measles, mumps, and rubella (MMR) vaccine, utilize weakened forms of pathogens to closely resemble natural infections.
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Replication in Eukaryotes01:29

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In eukaryotic cells, DNA replication is highly conserved and tightly regulated. Multiple linear chromosomes must be duplicated with high fidelity before cell division, so there are many proteins that fulfill specialized roles in the replication process. Replication occurs in three phases: initiation, elongation, and termination, and ends with two complete sets of chromosomes in the nucleus.
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In vitro Reconstitution of the Active T. castaneum Telomerase
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Human telomerase inhibitors from microbial source.

Kalarikkal Gopikrishnan Kiran1, Muthusamy Palaniswamy, Jayaraman Angayarkanni

  • 1Cancer Therapeutics Laboratory, Department of Microbial Biotechnology, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore, 641046, India.

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Microbial compounds offer novel telomerase enzyme inhibitors for cancer therapy. This review details their biochemistry, mode of action, and classification for targeted drug development.

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Area of Science:

  • Biochemistry
  • Pharmacology
  • Microbiology

Background:

  • Telomerase enzyme inhibitors are crucial for targeted cancer therapies due to their specific action.
  • Combinatorial strategies involving telomerase inhibitors and DNA damaging agents show promise.
  • Microbial natural products represent a significant source for novel telomerase inhibitor discovery and production.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the biochemistry and mechanisms of action of telomerase inhibitors derived from microbial sources.
  • To classify these microbial telomerase inhibitors based on their functional pathways in cancer cells.
  • To highlight the potential of microbial compounds in developing new anti-cancer agents.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of scientific databases focusing on microbial natural products and telomerase inhibition.
  • Analysis of biochemical pathways and modes of action for identified telomerase inhibitors.
  • Classification of inhibitors based on their cellular targets and effects in cancer models.

Main Results:

  • Identification of diverse classes of telomerase inhibitors originating from microbial metabolites.
  • Elucidation of distinct biochemical mechanisms employed by these inhibitors to target telomerase.
  • Demonstration of synergistic effects when combined with conventional DNA damaging chemotherapeutics.

Conclusions:

  • Microbial natural products are a rich resource for developing specific and effective telomerase enzyme inhibitors.
  • Understanding the mode of action is key to optimizing combinatorial therapies and drug design.
  • Further research into microbial-derived telomerase inhibitors holds significant potential for advancing cancer treatment strategies.